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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556620020077</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-1085</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теория и социальные функции географии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory and Social Functions of Geography</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы и методы экспериментальной географической экологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems and Methods of Experimental Geographical Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломыц</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomyts</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">egk2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт экологии Волжского бассейна, РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>340</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коломыц Э.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коломыц Э.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolomyts E.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1085">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1085</self-uri><abstract><p>Изложена авторская парадигма экспериментальной географической экологии и ее сердцевины — экологии ландшафтной. Описаны эмпирико-статистические модели и разработанные на их основе эколого-географические концепции. Они раскрывают механизмы формирования ландшафтноэкологических систем регионального и локального уровней, их естественную и антропогенную динамику, а также эволюционные тенденции. Выдвинуты и обоснованы новые положения о моно- и полисистемной организации географической среды: 1) экологические принципы и механизмы формирования зонального геопространства и его границ; 2) концепция полиморфизма ландшафтно-зональных систем как базовая модель для дальнейшего развития комплексной физической географии; 3) палеопрогнозная концепция, описывающая прогнозируемые сценарии и их палеогеографические аналоги как единую систему глобальных изменений природной среды; 4) топоэколо-гическая прогнозная концепция как научно-методическая основа локального геосистемного мониторинга; 5) новые положения теории устойчивости природных экосистем и методы исчисления их функциональной устойчивости на основе параметров биологического круговорота. Изложена разработанная автором и доведенная до рецептурного уровня методика численного ландшафтно-экологического прогнозирования и по ней даны региональные и локальные ландшафтно-экологические прогнозы в свете предстоящих глобальных изменений климата. Прогнозный экологический анализ проведен по моделями базовых состояний гео(эко-)систем и их климатогенных изменений, с применением методов эмпирической имитации расчетных прогнозируемых ситуаций. Предложена стратегия и разработаны алгоритмы применения методов ландшафтной экологии для количественных прогнозных оценок биотической регуляции углеродного цикла при глобальных изменениях климата. В созданных моделях географическая экология приобретает эффективный формализованный инструмент анализа и прогноза, который использует методы дискретной математики для обработки и обобщения массового эмпирического материала, получаемого при полевых и камеральных ландшафтных исследованиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author’s paradigm of experimental geographical ecology and its core-landscape ecology—has been set forth. The empirical statistical models and the ecological geographical concepts developed on their basis are described. They disclose the mechanisms of formation of regional- and local-level landscape-ecological systems, their natural and anthropogenic dynamics and evolutionary trends. New provisions on the mono- and polysystemic organization of the geographical environment have been put forward and substantiated: 1) environmental principles and mechanisms for the formation of zonal geospace and its borders; 2) the concept of polymorphism of landscape-zonal systems as a basic model for the further development of integrated physical geography; 3) a paleo-forecasting concept that describes the predicted scenarios and their paleogeographic analogues as a single system of global changes in the environment; 4) topo-ecological forecasting concept as a scientific and methodological basis of local geosystem monitoring; 5) new provisions of the theory of sustainability of natural ecosystems and methods for calculating their functional stability based on the parameters of the biological cycle. A methodology for numerical landscape-ecological forecasting developed by the author and brought to the prescription level is presented, and regional and local landscape-ecological forecasts are given based on forthcoming global climate changes. The predictive ecological analysis was performed by models of base states of the geo(eco-)systems and there climatogenic changes, with application of methods of empirical simulation techniques for the estimated prognostic situations. A strategy is proposed, and algorithms are developed for applying landscape ecology methods for quantitative forecast estimates of the biotic regulation of the carbon cycle under global climate changes. In the constructed models, geographical ecology acquires an effective formalized tool for analysis and prediction using the methods of discrete mathematics for the processing and generalization of bulk empirical data obtained from field and laboratory landscape studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>географическая экология</kwd><kwd>экологический эксперимент</kwd><kwd>эколого-географические концепции</kwd><kwd>ландшафтно-экологическое прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>биологический круговорот</kwd><kwd>углеродный баланс</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geographical ecology</kwd><kwd>ecological experiment</kwd><kwd>ecological geographical concepts</kwd><kwd>landscape-ecological prediction</kwd><kwd>biological cycle</kwd><kwd>carbon balance</kwd><kwd>stability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18—05—00024-а</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-05-00024-а</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев В.Л. 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