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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556620050179</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-1149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Территориальная организация общества</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Territorial Organization of Society</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние урбанизации на систему расселения Германии в XIX–XX веках</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Influence of Urbanization on the German Settlement Pattern in the 19th and 20th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Важенин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vazhenin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vagaiset@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО “Первостроитель”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC “Pervostroitel”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>674–693</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Важенин А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Важенин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vazhenin A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1149">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1149</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изучению динамики расселенческих процессов на примере систем расселения германских государств в течение двухсотлетнего периода. Представлено обоснование взаимосвязи между изменением уровня урбанизации и сменой основополагающих характеристик систем расселения. Подробно рассмотрено развитие систем расселения под влиянием закономерностей, объясняемых теорией центральных мест. Исследована взаимозависимость территориального роста систем центральных мест с распространением новых видов транспорта. Показано, как самоорганизация расселенческих процессов приводит к переменам в структуре систем центральных мест. Так, в начале XIX в. на землях германских государств насчитывалось свыше 20 небольших систем центральных мест с K = 2 и K = 3. А в начале XX в., когда доля городского населения достигла 50%, в рамках Германской империи наблюдается 5 систем центральных мест, охватывающих всю территорию страны и отвечающих K = 3 и K = 4, чему сопутствовал беспрецедентный рост сети железных дорог. Во второй половине XX в. в независимых ГДР и ФРГ формируются две самостоятельные системы центральных мест с K = 5. Наконец, к началу XXI в., в короткий срок после объединения Германии, происходит формирование единой системы центральных мест в масштабах страны. При сосредоточении в городах и городских агломерациях свыше 90% населения, такая система центральных мест, отвечающая K = 6, демонстрирует весьма высокие показатели изостатического равновесия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of settling on the example of the settlement pattern of the German states over a bicentennial period. The substantiation of the relationship between changes in the level of urbanization and a change in the fundamental characteristics of settlement pattern is presented. The development of settlement pattern under the influence of patterns explained by the central place theory is considered in detail. The interdependence of the territorial growth of central place systems and the spread of new transport modes is investigated. It is shown how self-organization of settling leads to changes in the structure of central place systems. So, at the beginning of the 19th century there were over 20 small systems on the lands of German states, corresponding to the central place theory with K = 2 and K = 3. And at the beginning of the 20th century, when the share of the urban population reached 50%, there are 5 central place systems in the German Empire, covering the entire territory of the country and corresponding to K = 3 and K = 4. This was accompanied by an unprecedented growth in the railway network. In the second half of the 20th century 2 independent central place systems with K = 5 in independent GDR and FRG are formed. Finally, by the beginning of the 21st century, the formation of a single central place system throughout the country happens in a short time after the unification of Germany. Such a central place system, corresponding to K = 6, demonstrates very high isostatic equilibrium values when more than 90% of the population is concentrated in cities and urban agglomerations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системы расселения</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd><kwd>иерархия городов</kwd><kwd>городские агломерации</kwd><kwd>теория центральных мест</kwd><kwd>релятивистская теория центральных мест</kwd><kwd>динамика системы расселения Германии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>settlement pattern</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>hierarchy in cities</kwd><kwd>urban agglomerations</kwd><kwd>central place theory</kwd><kwd>relativistic central place theory</kwd><kwd>dynamics of Germany settlement pattern</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Важенин А.А. Эволюционные процессы в системах расселения. 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