sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556621010052sergeogr-1282Research ArticleПриродные процессы и динамика геосистемNatural Processes and Dynamics of GeosystemsСовременная денудация в горах и ее вклад в глобальную денудацию сушиModern Denudation in the Mountains and Its Contribution to the Global Land DenudationГрачевА. М.GrachevA. M.

Москва

Moscow

agrachev@igras.ruГолосовВ. Н.GolosovV. N.

Географический факультет, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова

Москва

Faculty of Geography Lomonosov MSU

Moscow

gollossov@gmail.comИнститут географии, РАНРоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут географии, РАН; МГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation2021090620218514958Copyright © Грачев А.М., Голосов В.Н., 20212021Грачев А.М., Голосов В.Н.Grachev A.M., Golosov V.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1282

Повышенное внимание к количественной оценке современной денудации горных стран обусловлено значимостью преобразования рельефа в пределах данных территорий и ключевой ролью материала, формирующегося в процессе денудации гор, в суммарном объеме наносов, перемещаемых с суши в Мировой океан. Значительный прогресс, прежде всего, дистанционных методов изучения темпов отдельных экзогенных процессов и денудации в целом, произошедший за последние десятилетие благодаря существенному увеличению точности создаваемых на их основе цифровых моделей рельефа и упрощению обработки полученной информации, способствовал существенному росту количественных данных о динамике преобразования рельефа. В статье обобщены опубликованные результаты и систематизированы методы изучения современной денудации суши. Показано, что совместное использование набора методов прямых наблюдений и дистанционных методов позволяет наиболее детально характеризовать пространственно-временны е изменения рельефа при различных масштабах исследований. Порядка 52% продуктов денудации на суше формируется на склонах с уклонами >15%. Для остальных территорий в горах темпы денудации определяются различным сочетанием набора факторов (сейсмотектоническая активность, метеорологические характеристики, литология и антропогенная нагрузка), максимальный совокупный эффект которых достигается в бассейнах малых рек. Так, именно благодаря оптимальному сочетанию перечисленных факторов чуть менее одной трети (6.8 млрд т) от суммарного объема наносов, поступающих с суши в Мировой океан, формируется за счет стока наносов малых и средних рек западного сектора Тихоокеанского огненного пояса.

Increased attention to the quantitative assessment of the modern denudation of mountainous territories is due to the significance of the relief transformation within these territories and the key role of the material formed in the process of denudation of the mountains in the total volume of sediments transferred from land to the World Ocean. Significant progress in, first of all, remote sensing techniques for studying the rates of individual exogenous processes and denudation in general, which has occurred over the past decade, contributed to the significant quantitative data increase related to the dynamics of relief transformation. This was enabled by two factors: a significant increase in the accuracy of digital elevation models created using remote sensing methods and the simplification of the processing of the data obtained. The article summarizes the published results and systematizes the methods for studying modern land denudation. It is shown that the combined usage of a set of direct observation methods and remote sensing methods allows the most detailed characterization of space-time changes in the relief at various scales of the studies. About 52% of land denudation products are formed on slopes with inclinations >15%. For the remaining territories in the mountains, the rates of denudation are determined by a different combination of a set of factors: seismotectonic activity, meteorological characteristics, lithology, and anthropogenic load. The maximum cumulative effect of these factors is achieved in the basins of small rivers. It is due to the optimal combination of the above factors that slightly less than one third (6.8 billion tons) of the total volume of sediment supplied from land to the world ocean is formed due to the sediment yield of small and medium-sized rivers of the western sector of the Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.