sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556621050137sergeogr-1406Research ArticleТерриториальная организация обществаTerritorial Organization of SocietyОрганическое сельское хозяйство в России: особенности развития и возможные социально-экологические эффектыOrganic Agriculture in Russia: Development, Particularities and Possible Socio-Ecological EffectsГрачеваР. Г.GrachevaR. G.

Москва

Moscow

gracheva@igras.ruШелудковА. В.SheludkovA. V.

Москва

Moscow

a.v.sheludkov@igras.ruИнститут географии РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”РоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation202108112021855675686Copyright © Грачева Р.Г., Шелудков А.В., 20212021Грачева Р.Г., Шелудков А.В.Gracheva R.G., Sheludkov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1406

Анализируются специфика развития органического сельского хозяйства в России и географические закономерности этого процесса. В отличие от европейских стран импульс развитию отрасли в России изначально дали крупные инвесторы; главные мотивы пионеров были связаны с вопросами здорового питания, в меньшей степени − с экологическими или социальными проблемами. С позиций теории диффузии инноваций развитие органического сельского хозяйства находится на ранних стадиях, однако количество хозяйств и площади земель под органическим производством устойчиво растут, формируются обслуживающие отрасли и каналы сбыта, сформирована институциональная среда в виде отраслевых ассоциаций и национального законодательства. В размещении хозяйств разной специализации прослеживается зависимость от природных условий и аграрной истории территории и тяготение перерабатывающих предприятий к Москве как крупнейшему рынку сбыта. Рассматриваются возможности расширения органического сельского хозяйства в горных сельских районах и обсуждаются его потенциальные социально-экологические эффекты для поддержания резилиентности сельских территорий в России.

The article analyzes the particularities of organic agriculture development in Russia and its geographical patterns. Unlike European countries, large investors were the first to develop organic agriculture in Russia; the main motives of these pioneers were related to issues of healthy food and, to a lesser extent, environmental or social issues. From the approach of theory of diffusion of innovations, the development of organic agriculture in Russia is in its early stages. Nevertheless, the number of farms and lands under organic agriculture is growing steadily, service industries and distribution channels are being formed, and an institutional environment in the form of associations and national legislation has been created. In the spatial distribution of organic enterprises, there is a dependence on natural conditions and the agrarian history of the territory. Processing enterprises tend to cluster in the Moscow region as the largest sales market. The possibilities of expanding organic agriculture in mountainous rural areas are considered. In the last sections authors discuss potential socio-ecological effects of organic agriculture for maintaining the resilience of rural areas in Russia.

экологизация аграрного производствадиффузия инновацийгеография сельского хозяйстваорганическая продукциятерриториальная резилиентностьagricultural systemsgreen agriculturediffusion of innovationsgeography of agricultureorganic productsterritorial resilienceСтатья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2020-928). Раздел “Потенциал органического сельского хозяйства в горных сельских районах России“ подготовлен при поддержке Госзадания 0148-2019-0006 и Госзадания 0148-2019-0008 (Институт географии РАН).The article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID: 075-15-2020- 928). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.