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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556621060121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-1471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Территориальная организация общества</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Territorial Organization of Society</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация роли транснациональных корпораций в мировом хозяйстве и сдвиги в географии прямых иностранных инвестиций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transformation of the Role of Multinational Corporations in the Global Economy and Shifts in the Geography of Foreign Direct Investment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синцеров</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sintserov</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sintserov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>819</fpage><lpage>827</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синцеров Л.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синцеров Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sintserov L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1471">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1471</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты исследования долгосрочных тенденций развития транснационального бизнеса и его географии, охватывающих вторую половину XIX, XX и начало XXI вв. Комплексная оценка изменений роли ТНК в мировой экономике, сдвигов в их локализации, в пространственной и отраслевой структуре иностранного производства проводится на основе данных о накопленных входящих и исходящих прямых иностранных инвестициях. Основные методы исследования – историко-географический и системный подход, предусматривающий учет глобальных взаимосвязей и анализ процессов интернационализации производства в контексте развития мировой хозяйственной системы. Показано, что процесс транснационализации зародился в середине XIX в. и развивался двумя большими волнами, разделенными глубокой рецессией и длительным восстановительным ростом. В его эволюции выделены четыре этапа продолжительностью от 20–30 до ~60 лет. Установлено, что наиболее радикальные преобразования в географии прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ) произошли, во-первых, в середине ХХ в. в условиях глубокого кризиса процесса транснационализации, во-вторых, в конце ХХ и начале ХХI в. в период его динамичного роста. Выявлена взаимосвязь между подъемом и упадком великих держав, распадом колониальных империй и переходом стран Запада к зрелой индустриализации, с одной стороны, и перестройкой пространственной структуры транснационального бизнеса, с другой. Показано, что основные сдвиги в географии международного производства связаны с изменением соотношения экономически развитых и развивающихся стран в структуре входящих и исходящих ПИИ. Фундаментальная трансформация роли транснациональных корпораций в мировом хозяйстве, по мнению автора, произошла в 1980-е годы, когда прямые иностранные инвестиции и международное производство ТНК стали основной формой интернационализации экономики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of a study of long-term trends in the development of transnational business and its geography, covering the second half of the 19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries. A comprehensive assessment of changes in the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the world economy, shifts in their localization, in the spatial and sectoral structure of foreign production is carried out based on data on accumulated incoming and outgoing foreign direct investment. The main research methods are historical-geographical and systematic approaches that considering global relationships and analyze the processes of internationalization of production in the context of the evolution of the world economic system. It is shown that international production of TNCs originated in the middle of the 19th century, and it developed in two large waves, separated by a deep recession and prolonged recovery growth. In its evolution, four stages have been identified, lasting from 20–30 to ~60 years. It is established that the most radical transformations in the geography of foreign direct investment (FDI) occurred, firstly, in the middle of the 20th century in the conditions of a deep crisis of the global transnational business, and secondly, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries during its dynamic growth. The relationship between the rise and decline of the great powers, the collapse of colonial empires, and the transition of Western countries to mature industrialization, on the one hand, and the restructuring of the territorial and production structure of the transnational business, on the other, is revealed. It is shown that the main shifts in the geography of international production are associated with changes in the ratio of economically developed and developing countries in the structure of incoming and outgoing FDI. The fundamental transformation of the role of transnational business in the world economy, according to the author, occurred in the 1980s, when foreign direct investment and international production of TNCs became the main form of internationalization of the economy</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транснациональные корпорации (ТНК)</kwd><kwd>география прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ)</kwd><kwd>глобализация</kwd><kwd>международное производство</kwd><kwd>международное разделение труда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transnational corporations</kwd><kwd>geography of foreign direct investment</kwd><kwd>globalization</kwd><kwd>international production</kwd><kwd>international division of labor</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по материалам исследований по теме государственного задания Института географии РАН № 0148-2019-0008.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the state-ordered research theme of the Institute of Geography RAS, project no. 0148-2019-0008.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березной А.В. 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