sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556622010046sergeogr-1490Research ArticleПроблемы деградации земель и устойчивого землепользованияLand Degradation and Sustainable Land ManagementДинамика площади озер в степной зоне Алтайского края в условиях антропогенного воздействия и климатических измененийDynamic Changes of the Steppe Zone Lakes in Altai Krai under Anthropogenic Impacts and Climate ChangeЧерныхД. В.ChernykhD. V.

 Барнаул 

 Barnaul 

chernykhd@mail.ruБирюковР. Ю.BiryukovR. Yu.

 Барнаул 

 Barnaul 

ПершинД. К.PershinD. K.

 Барнаул 

Barnaul

Институт водных и экологических проблем СО РАНРоссияInstitute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202209022022861Специальный выпуск: Проблемы деградации земель и устойчивого землепользования109121Copyright © Черных Д.В., Бирюков Р.Ю., Першин Д.К., 20222022Черных Д.В., Бирюков Р.Ю., Першин Д.К.Chernykh D.V., Biryukov R.Y., Pershin D.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1490

Неотъемлемым элементом степных равнин Алтайского края, в частности Кулундинской низменности, является наличие большого количества различных по площади реликтовых озер. На основе данных дистанционного зондирования (космические снимки Landsat и Sentinel-2) за период 1989–2020 гг. проведен анализ динамики площадей водоемов в двух бессточных озерных системах Кулундинской низменности – Кулундинской и Плотавской. Выявлено отсутствие выраженных тенденций к направленному сокращению площадей водоемов. Несмотря на наличие нескольких сильных засух за последние 30 лет, водоемы Кулундинской и Плотавской озерных систем не испытывали каких-либо чрезвычайно резких сокращений площадей водной поверхности. Для оценки продолжительности и интенсивности засушливых периодов в работе был использован индекс SPEI. Показано, что межгодовая динамика водоемов слабо зависит от колебаний метеорологических условий конкретного года. Статистически значимые взаимосвязи обнаружены только с длительными 24- и 36-месячными индексами засушливости SPEI, что в целом указывает на определенную устойчивость механизмов питания озерных систем в Кулунде. Несмотря на значительную разницу в площади водоемов и размерах водосборных бассейнов, Кулундинская и Плотавская озерные системы характеризуются высокой синхронностью межгодовых колебаний площадей водоемов. Относительный размах внутригодового варьирования внутри небольшой Плотавской озерной системы был существенно выше, чем в значительно большей Кулундинской системе. Определенная стабильность функционирования озерных систем Кулундинской равнины может быть связана с весьма умеренным антропогенным воздействием на питающие их водотоки в последние десятилетия: отсутствие масштабного забора воды и регулирования стока гидротехническими сооружениями.

Multiscale relict lakes are the essential elements of the steppe plains in Altai krai in Russia (South Siberia). Based on the remote sensing data (Landsat and Sentinel-2 images), we analyzed the water bodies’ area dynamics in the two endorheic lake systems of the Kulunda Steppe–Kulunda and Plotava. We found no evident tendency to reduce water bodies’ area between 1989 and 2020. Despite several severe droughts during the last 30 years, water bodies of Kulunda and Plotava lake systems have not experienced any extremely sharp reductions. The SPEI index was used to estimate the duration and intensity of droughts. It was shown that the interannual dynamics of lakes weakly depend on weather fluctuations of a particular year. Statistically significant correlations were found only with 24- and 36-month SPEI indices, which generally indicated the relative stability of feeding mechanisms of lake systems in Kulunda Steppe. Despite the significant difference in catchments and lake areas, the Kulunda and Plotava lake systems were characterized by high synchrony of interannual fluctuations. The relative range of intra-annual variation within the small Plotava lake system was significantly higher than in the much larger Kulunda system. Stability in the functioning of the Kulunda lake systems may be related to a very moderate human impact on the feeding watercourses in recent decades. There was the absence of large-scale water withdrawal and flow regulation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.