sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556622010071sergeogr-1493Research ArticleПроблемы деградации земель и устойчивого землепользованияLand Degradation and Sustainable Land ManagementЗависимость микробиологической активности и химических характеристик почвы от топографической позиции на старопахотных участках черноземной лесостепиSoil Microbial Activity and Chemical Properties in Relation to the Topographic Position of Chernozem Arable LandsКарелинД. В.KarelinD. V.

Москва 

 Moscow 

ЦымбаровичП. Р.TsymbarovichP. R.

Москва 

 Moscow 

petr@tsymbarovich.ruИнститут географии РАНРоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202209022022861Специальный выпуск: Проблемы деградации земель и устойчивого землепользования134150Copyright © Карелин Д.В., Цымбарович П.Р., 20222022Карелин Д.В., Цымбарович П.Р.Karelin D.V., Tsymbarovich P.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1493

Необходимость автоматизации и упрощения пространственно-временного мониторинга хозяйственно важных почвенных характеристик, в частности содержания углерода интенсивно используемых земель, диктует продолжение поиска относительно простых способов их дистанционной оценки. В результате статистического анализа материалов полевых наблюдений, лабораторных экспериментов и полученных по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли из космоса цифровых моделей рельефа на модельных трансектах, заложенных на различающихся по характеру рельефа участках длительно используемых пахотных черноземов (Курская биосферная станция Института географии РАН, Курская область, Россия), обнаружены средние по силе положительные связи между крутизной склона, LS-фактором (Slope Length and Steepness factor, или фактор влияния длины и крутизны склона на эрозионную опасность) и почвенными характеристиками. Обнаруженные связи выражаются в снижении содержания ведущих биогенных элементов и соединений (углерод, азот и вода), а также в снижении присутствия и изменении активности микробиоты почвы. Вероятнее всего, это реализуется через водную эрозию и меньшую доступность воды на склонах большей крутизны. На основе полученных результатов можно говорить о применимости оцененного по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли LS-фактора для прогноза содержания углерода и других связанных с ним значимых физико-химических и биологических показателей состояния старопахотных типичных черноземов в крупном пространственном масштабе. Одновременно установлено, что полученные на основе космических снимков спектральные характеристики поверхности почвы менее применимы для этих целей, так как они зависят от условий съемки (погодные условия, приемы обработки почвы, растительный покров), а также имеют ограничения, накладываемые недостаточным разрешением доступных космических снимков.

The need to automate and simplify the spatial and temporal monitoring of economically important soil characteristics, in particular the carbon content of intensively used lands, dictates the continued search for relatively simple ways of their remote evaluation. We discovered medium-strength significant relations of LS-factor (Slope Length and Steepness factor; erosion potential of the relief), and soil characteristics as a result of a statistical analysis of field observations, laboratory experiments, and digital elevation models obtained from space remote sensing data. Surface data were obtained from model transects located in different relief positions of long-term arable chernozems (Kursk Oblast, Russia). These relationships are expressed in decreased content of the key nutrients and compounds (SOC, nitrogen, and water), as well as in reduced presence and altered activity of soil microbiota. We assume that the main reason for this is water erosion and less water availability on steeper slopes. Based on our results, we believe that LS-factor calculated on the basis of satellite remote sensing data is applicable for evaluation of erosion hazard, as well as for prediction of carbon content and other related significant physical, chemical, and biological indicators of the state of perennial arable haplic chernozems for a large spatial scale. At the same time, we found that the spectral characteristics of the soil surface obtained from remote sensing data are less applicable for these purposes. This is due to the dependence of the obtained satellite data on the survey conditions (weather, soil tillage techniques, vegetation cover characteristics) and the limitations imposed by the insufficient resolution of the available satellite images.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.