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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556622030128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-1576</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Российская общественная география в начале XXI века: исследуя новые процессы, используя новые возможности</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Russian Human Geography of the Early 21st Century: Studying New Processes and Using New Opportunities</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полимасштабный подход к выявлению пространственного неравенства в России как стимула и тормоза развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Multi-Scale Approach to Identifying Spatial Inequality in Russia as Incentive and Obstacle in Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефедова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nefedova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trene12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трейвиш</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treivish</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trene12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелудков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheludkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.sheludkov@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии, РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>289</fpage><lpage>309</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нефедова Т.Г., Трейвиш А.И., Шелудков А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нефедова Т.Г., Трейвиш А.И., Шелудков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nefedova T.G., Treivish A.I., Sheludkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1576">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1576</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены основные понятия, характеризующие пространственное неравенство (неравномерность развития, концентрация, поляризация, фрагментация, сжатие освоенного пространства) в отечественной и зарубежной литературе применительно к проблемам современной России. Российские географы уделяют много внимания как межрегиональному, так и внутрирегиональному неравенству, а также влиянию на них природных, исторических, экономических, демографических и институциональных факторов. На громадной, по-разному освоенной территории России с ее природными контрастами и неодинаковыми последствиями постсоветских преобразований неравенство стало одной из главных характеристик социально-географического пространства. С одной стороны, неравенство способствует развитию страны за счет концентрации населения и экономической деятельности в отдельных регионах и городских центрах, где велик агломерационный эффект, но с другой – сужает пространство этого развития, не давая шанс другим территориям. В статье с использованием официальной статистической информации по регионам и муниципальным образованиям с применением методов статистического распределения, регрессии и типологии анализируются кумулятивные эффекты сжатия социально-экономического пространства по осям север–юг, запад–восток и центр–периферия. Подробнее показано неравенство староосвоенных районов от Центра до Урала с учетом исторически унаследованных и новых географических различий. Результаты представлены в виде тематических и комплексных (типологических) карт, составленных по субъектам РФ, муниципальным районам и городским округам. Выделены очаги и факторы роста на фоне отставания и периферизации остальной территории. Исследования приводят авторов к выводу о значительной инерции пространственного развития страны и об устойчивости эндогенных факторов организации ее пространства при переменах, включая постсоветские.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the main concepts that characterize spatial inequality (uneven development, concentration, polarization, fragmentation, shrinking of socio-geographic space) in domestic and foreign literature as applied to the problems of modern Russia. Russian geographers pay much attention to both interregional and intraregional inequality, as well as to their links with natural, historical, economic, demographic, and institutional factors. On the vast and unevenly developed territory of Russia, with its natural contrasts and different results of post-Soviet transformations, spatial inequality has become one of the main characteristics of socio-geographic space. On the one hand, inequality facilitates the country’s development by focusing its population and economic activities in certain regions and cities where the agglomeration effects are great; on the other hand, it narrows the space for the development, leaving no chance for other territories. The article uses official statistical information on regions and municipalities to analyze the cumulative effects of the shrinking socio-economic space along the North-to-South, East-to-West, and center−periphery axes. The inequality of the old-developed regions from the Central Russia to the Urals is shown in more detail, taking into account the historically inherited and new geographical differences. The results are presented in the form of thematic and complex (typological) maps, drawn by subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal and urban districts. Foci and growth factors are identified against the background of peripheralization and lagging of other areas. The research leads the authors to the conclusion about the significant inertia of the Russia’s spatial development, the stability of the endogenous factors structuring its space under all changes, including post-Soviet ones.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неравенство</kwd><kwd>поляризация</kwd><kwd>сжатие освоенного пространства</kwd><kwd>социальноэкономическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>города</kwd><kwd>сельская местность</kwd><kwd>центры</kwd><kwd>периферия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inequality</kwd><kwd>polarization</kwd><kwd>shrinkage of developed space</kwd><kwd>socioeconomic diagnosis</kwd><kwd>city</kwd><kwd>rural area</kwd><kwd>center</kwd><kwd>periphery</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в Институте географии РАН по теме Государственного задания ИГ РАН AAAA-A19119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the state-ordered research theme of the Institute of Geography RAS (no.AAAA-A19-119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008))</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аверкиева К.В. 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