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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556622030116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-1597</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эволюция природных систем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Evolution of Natural System</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хроностратиграфическое положение микулинских отложений (на примере опорного разреза у д. Нижняя Боярщина, Смоленская область)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronostratigraphic Position of the Mikulinian Deposits (Case of the Reference Section Near Nizhnyaya Boyarshchina Village, Smolensk Oblast)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Ф. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>F. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksimov-fedor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelieva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зюганова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyuganova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченко</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenko</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова, Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии, РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University; Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>469</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максимов Ф.Е., Савельева Л.А., Попова С.С., Зюганова И.С., Григорьев В.А., Левченко С.Б., Петров А.Ю., Фоменко А.П., Панкратова Л.А., Кузнецов В.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максимов Ф.Е., Савельева Л.А., Попова С.С., Зюганова И.С., Григорьев В.А., Левченко С.Б., Петров А.Ю., Фоменко А.П., Панкратова Л.А., Кузнецов В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maksimov F.E., Savelieva L.A., Popova S.S., Zyuganova I.S., Grigoriev V.A., Levchenko S.B., Petrov A.Y., Fomenko A.P., Pankratova L.A., Kuznetsov V.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1597">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1597</self-uri><abstract><p>Отложения микулинского (предпоследнего) межледниковья хорошо выделяются по данным палинологического, палеокарпологического и других видов анализа и поэтому служат важным стратиграфическим репером в верхней части чехла четвертичных отложений, однако относительно объема этого межледниковья согласие до сих пор не достигнуто, а хронологические рамки относимых к нему отложений дискутируются в интервале от 15 до 70 тыс. лет. Основная цель настоящего исследования состояла в получении точных количественных оценок возраста отдельных этапов микулинского межледниковья по данным 230Th/U датирования и палеоботанического изучения органогенных отложений известного опорного разреза “Нижняя Боярщина”. Выбор данного разреза связан с наличием достаточно мощной органосодержащей толщи и полноты отражения фаз последнего межледниковья. Был применен усовершенствованный геохронологический подход. На основе экспериментальных радиохимических данных идентифицированы органогенные слои пригодные для 230Th/U изохронного приближения. Сопряженные детальные палинологические и карпологические исследования озерно-болотной толщи позволили определить 91 таксон ископаемой флоры (59 + 32) и выявить смену фаз развития растительности в течение микулинского межледниковья. В итоге осуществлено 230Th/U датирование трех участков озерно-болотных отложений, соответствующих узким временным интервалам развития растительных формаций на разных этапах последнего межледниковья. Гиттии в диапазоне глубин 3.03–2.89 м, соотнесенные со второй половиной пыльцевой зоны М1, формировались в конце переходного этапа от оледенения к началу микулинского межледниковья ~130–126 тыс. лет назад. Слои торфа в интервале глубин 1.65–1.83 м отлагались ~110– 108 тыс. лет назад и соответствуют первой половине пыльцевой зоны M5, т.е. началу климатического оптимума микулинского межледниковья. Верхняя часть отложений торфа на глубине 1.37–1.19 м образовалась ~102–97 тыс. лет назад и сопоставляется с пыльцевой зоной M6, отражающей вторую половину климатического оптимума. Продолжительность периода развития растительности, соответствующего интервалу М1–М6 микулинского межледниковья, включает подстадии МИС-5е, МИС-5d и частично МИС-5с и составляет, приблизительно, 25–30 тыс. лет. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности применения данного комплексного подхода для установления хронологии последнего межледниковья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Mikulino (penultimate) interglacial’s deposits are well distinguished according to palynological, carpological, and other types of analysis. Therefore, they serve as an important stratigraphic benchmark in the upper part of the Quaternary sediment cover. However, no agreement has yet been reached on the extent of this interglacial, and the chronological framework of the deposits attributed to it is discussed in the interval from 15 to 70 thousand years. The main goal of this study is to obtain accurate numerical estimates of the age of individual stages of the Mikulino interglacial based on 230Th/U dating data and paleobotanical study of organic-rich deposits from the known reference section “Nizhnyaya Boyarshchina.” The sequence was chosen due to thickness of organic-rich layer reflecting completely the Last Interglacial phases. An improved geochronological approach was applied. On the basis of experimental radiochemical data, organic-rich layers suitable for the use of 230Th/U isochronous approximation were identified. Detailed comprehensive palynological and carpological studies of the lacustrine-bog strata made it possible to identify 91 taxa of fossil flora (59 + 32) and to reveal the change in the phases of vegetation development during the Mikulino interglacial. As a result, the 230Th/U dating of three pieces of lacustrine-bog deposits corresponding to narrow time intervals of plant formations development at different stages of the Last interglacial was fulfilled. The gyttia layer in the depth range of 3.03–2.89 m, correlated with the second half of the M1 pollen zone, was formed ~130–126 Kyr ago at the end of the transitional stage from glaciation to the beginning of the Mikulino interglacial. The peat layers in the depth interval 1.65–1.83 m were deposited ~110–108 Kyr ago and correspond to the first half of the M5 pollen zone, that is, the beginning of the climatic optimum of the Mikulino interglacial. The upper part of peat deposits at a depth of 1.37–1.19 m was formed ~102–97 Kyr ago and is compared with the pollen zone M6, which reflects the second half of the climatic optimum. The time duration of the vegetation development period corresponding to the M1–M6 interval of the Mikulino interglacial includes the substages MIS-5e, MIS-5d and partially MIS-5с and covers approximately 25–30 thousand years. The results obtained indicate that the applied complex approach is promising for establishing the chronology of the Last Interglacial.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Русская равнина</kwd><kwd>органогенные отложения</kwd><kwd>геохронология</kwd><kwd>микулинское межледниковье</kwd><kwd>230Th/U метод датирования</kwd><kwd>палинологический и карпологический анализы</kwd><kwd>фазы развития растительности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian Plain</kwd><kwd>organic-rich deposits</kwd><kwd>geochronology</kwd><kwd>Mikulino interglacial</kwd><kwd>230Th/U dating method</kwd><kwd>palynological and carpological analyses</kwd><kwd>phases of vegetation development</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-05-00813 (полевые работы, 230Th/U датирование, спорово-пыльцевой анализ, обработка и интерпретация палеоботанических данных) и в рамках госзадания Ботанического института РАН (тема № AAAA-A19-119021190031-8) на оборудовании центра коллективного пользования “Клеточные и молекулярные технологии изучения растений и грибов” (Санкт-Петербург) (палеокарпологический анализ). Количественная обработка палеокарпологических данных выполнена в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН АААА-А19119021990091-4 (FMGE-2019-0005).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by RFBR, project no. 20-0500813 (fieldwork, 230Th/U dating, pollen analysis, processing and interpretation of paleobotanical data) and within the framework of the state assignment of the Botanical Institute RAS (topic no. AAAA-A19-119021190031-8) with using equipment of Collective Use Center “Cellular and Molecular Technologies for Studying Plants and Fungi” (St. Petersburg) (plant macrofossil analysis). Quantitative processing of paleocarpological data was carried out within the framework of the state-ordered search theme оf the Institute of Geography RAS АААА-А19-119021990091-4 (FMGE-2019-0005)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеенко В.А., Алексеенко Л.П. Геохимические барьеры. М.: Логос, 2003. 144 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseenko V.A., Alekseenko L.P. Geokhimicheskie bar’ery [Geochemical Barriers]. Moscow: Logos Publ., 2003. 144 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобров А.Е., Куприянова Л.А., Литвинцева М.В., Тарасевич В.Ф. Споры папоротникообразных и пыльца голосеменных и однодольных растений флоры европейской части СССР. 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