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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S258755662301003X</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-1713</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Территориальная организация общества</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Territorial Organization of Society</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция городов и разнообразие их функций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Evolution of Cities and Their Functional Diversity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабурин</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baburin</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbaburin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабурин В.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабурин В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baburin V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1713">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1713</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются проблемы взаимосвязи агломерационных эффектов локализации и урбанизации. В качестве индикатора этих процессов используются взаимосвязь людности городов с числом предприятий и организаций в них. При этом предполагается, что число предприятий косвенно отражает разнообразие мест приложения труда, хотя и не взвешенное по отраслевой структуре. В результате исследования установлена статистически значимая связь между этими двумя показателями как для субъектов Федерации, так и для городов с численностью более 100 тыс. чел. Основное внимание уделяется изучению и объяснению отклонений от общей закономерности “ранг города/число предприятий в нем”. На этой основе проведена типология городов по нескольким основаниям: административный статус, экономико-географическое положение, наличие крупных градообразующих предприятий. По результатам исследования выявлены конкретные параметрические характеристики, позволяющие выделить монопрофильные города. На примере ключа исследование было продолжено для поселений меньшей людности, в результате установлено, что для них географическое положение и специализация более значимы, чем людность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with the problems of the relationship between the agglomeration effects of localization and urbanization. As an indicator of these processes, the relationship between the population of cities and the number of enterprises and organizations in them is used. It is assumed that the number of enterprises indirectly reflects the diversity of places of employment, although not weighted by industry structure. As a result of the study, a statistically significant relationship between these two indicators was established both for the subjects of the federation and for cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people. The main focus is on the study and explanation of deviations from the general pattern of the rank of the city/the number of enterprises in it. On this basis, the typology of cities is carried out on several grounds: administrative status, economic and geographical location, the presence of large city-forming enterprises. According to the results of the study, specific parametric characteristics were identified that allow us to distinguish single-industry cities. Using the example of the key, the study was continued for settlements with less population, as a result, it was found that for them, geographical location and specialization are more important than population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эффекты урбанизации и локализации</kwd><kwd>людность</kwd><kwd>разнообразие мест приложения труда</kwd><kwd>монопрофильность</kwd><kwd>статус</kwd><kwd>экономико-географическое положение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>effects of urbanization and localization</kwd><kwd>population density</kwd><kwd>diversity of places of employment</kwd><kwd>single-industry</kwd><kwd>status</kwd><kwd>economic and geographical location</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана при поддержке гранта РНФ № 2227-00425 “Центр–периферийность в российском индустриальном пространстве”</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written with the support of the RSF grant no. 22-27-00425 “Center–periphery in the Russian industrial space.”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабурин В.Л., Гладкевич Г.И., Даньшин А.И., Савоскул М.С., Сафронов С.Г. 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