sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556623010107sergeogr-1724Research ArticleПриродные процессы и динамика геосистемNatural Processes and Dynamics of GeosystemsСкорости осадконакопления в горных озерах кавказа как индикаторы темпов денудации на их водосборахSedimentation Rates Evaluation in Caucasus Mountain Lakes as Indicators of Their Catchments DenudationКузьменковаН. В.KuzmenkovaN. V.

Химический факультет МГУ.

Москва

Faculty of Chemistry MSU.

Moscow

kuzmenkovanv@my.msu.ruГолосовВ. Н.GolosovV. N.

Географический факультет МГУ.

Москва

Faculty of Geography MSU.

Moscow

ГрабенкоЕ. А.GrabenkoE. A.

Москва

Moscow

АлександринМ. Ю.AlexandrinM. Y.

Москва

Moscow

ШишковВ. А.ShishkovV. A.

Москва

Moscow

БыхаловаО. Н.ByhalovaO. N.

Анапа

Anapa

Институт географии РАН; Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут географии РАНРоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФГБУ “Государственный заповедник “Утриш”РоссияFGBU “State Reserve Utrish”Russian Federation2023160420238714259Copyright © Кузьменкова Н.В., Голосов В.Н., Грабенко Е.А., Александрин М.Ю., Шишков В.А., Быхалова О.Н., 20232023Кузьменкова Н.В., Голосов В.Н., Грабенко Е.А., Александрин М.Ю., Шишков В.А., Быхалова О.Н.Kuzmenkova N.V., Golosov V.N., Grabenko E.A., Alexandrin M.Y., Shishkov V.A., Byhalova O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1724

Исследованы темпы осадконакопления пяти озер Западного и Центрального Кавказа в позднем голоцене на основе радиоизотопного датирования (137Cs глобального и Чернобыльского происхождения, 210Pbex, 14C). Озера расположены в различных ландшафтных зонах и отличаются по своему происхождению. Водосборы исследованных озер минимально подвержены антропогенному воздействию, поэтому поступление наносов в водоем, скорости осадконакопления и их изменения во времени контролируются в основном природными факторами. Установлено, что для двух озер среднегорной зоны и зоны с залуженными и залесeнными водосборами, современные скорости накопления отложений составляют 0.05–0.07 см/год, из которых практически половину составляют органические остатки. Скорости осадконакопления в высокогорном оз. Донгуз-Орун имеют тенденцию к росту и составляют в последние 30 лет 0.32 см/год без учета значительного объема наносов, которые переоткладываются в дельте перед водоемом. Противоположенный тренд скоростей осадконакопления выявлен для высокогорного оз. Гарабаши, отличительной особенностью которого является отсутствие в настоящее время ледников на его водосборе и достаточно высокое проективное покрытие водосбора растительностью. Скорости осадконакопления в оз. Сухой Лиман, расположенном в низкогорной зоне, составляют 0.1 см/год с трендом небольшого роста, обусловленным некоторым увеличением антропогенного воздействия, связанном с локальными вырубками и ростом рекреационной нагрузки.

The sedimentation rates of five lakes in the Western and Central Caucasus in the late Holocene were studied on the basis of radioisotope dating (137Cs of global and Chernobyl origin, 210Pbex, 14C). The lakes are located in different landscape zones and has different origin. The selection of bottom sediment cores was carried out after a reservoir map of the depths моnitoring based in areas with average maximum depths. The studied lakes catchments are minimally affected by anthropogenic impact; therefore, the reservoir influx of sediments, the sedimentation rate and their changes over time are mainly controlled by natural factors. It has been established that for two lakes in the mid-mountains with tinned and forested catchments, the current sediment accumulation rate is 0.05–0.07 cm/year, and half of it consist organic matter. Sedimentation rates in the high mountain Donguz-Orun Lake increases and have been equal to 0.32 cm/year in the last 30 years without taking into account the significant amount of sediment that is redeposited in the front of the reservoir delta. The opposite trend of sedimentation rates was revealed for the high-mountain Garabashi Lake, the distinctive feature of which is the absence of glaciers at present and a rather high projective cover of vegetation catchment. Sedimentation rates in the coastal Sukhoi Liman Lake, located in the low-mountain zone, are 0.1 cm/year with a slight growth trend due to some increase in anthropogenic load associated with local clearcuts and an increase in recreational load.

скорости осадконакопленияозерарадионуклидное датированиетемпы денудацииКавказsedimentation rateslakesradionuclides datingdenudation tempsCaucasusРаздел данной работы по методам подготовлен в рамках госзадания № 0148-2019-0005 (АААА-А19119021990091-4). Работа над остальным текстом велась при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 19-1700181 “Количественная оценка бассейновой составляющей стока наносов и ее изменений в голоцене на реках Кавказа”. Авторы выражают благодарность член.-корр. РАН О.Н. Соломиной, к. г. н. П.А. Торопову, к. г. н. И.А. Корневой, а также к.г.н. М.М. Иванову за консультации во время работы над текстомThe section of this work on methods was prepared within the state order no. 0148-2019-0005 (AAAA-A19119021990091-4). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.