<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15356/0373-2444-2012-5-82-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Природопользование и геоэкология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Natural Recourse Use and Geoecology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФОРМАЛЬДЕГИД В АТМОСФЕРНОМ ВОЗДУХЕ ГОРОДОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formaldehyde in Urban Air</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какарека</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakareka</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт природопользования НАН Беларуси<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for Nature Management, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Какарека С.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Какарека С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kakareka S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/194">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/194</self-uri><abstract><p>Описаны свойства формальдегида в окружающей среде, подходы к нормированию его содержания в атмосферном воздухе, методики выполнения измерений и основные источники поступления в окружающую среду. Приведен обзор замеряемых концентраций формальдегида в атмосферном воздухе в городах Беларуси, других стран СНГ, Европы и США.</p><p>Показано, что среднегодовые концентрации формальдегида в атмосферном воздухе городов СНГ в целом близки среднегодовым уровням содержания в городах Европы и несколько ниже, чем в США.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The properties of formaldehyde in the environment, approaches to the valuation of its content in the air, measuring techniques, and the main sources of its releases to the environment are discussed. An overview of the measured concentrations of formaldehyde in the air in the cities of Belarus and other CIS countries, Europe and the USA.</p><p>It is shown that the average concentration of formaldehyde in ambient air of cities of the CIS as a whole are close to the average annual levels of content in the cities of Europe and somewhat lower than in the U.S.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безуглая Э.Ю., Смирнова И.В. Воздух городов и его изменения. СПб.: Астерин, 2008. 254 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Безуглая Э.Ю., Смирнова И.В. Воздух городов и его изменения. СПб.: Астерин, 2008. 254 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень о загрязнении воздушной среды города Москвы за 2004 год. М.: Мосэкомониторинг, 2005. 48 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бюллетень о загрязнении воздушной среды города Москвы за 2004 год. М.: Мосэкомониторинг, 2005. 48 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственный доклад “О состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Российской Федерации в 2001 году”. М., 2002. 492 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Государственный доклад “О состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Российской Федерации в 2001 году”. М., 2002. 492 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственный доклад “О состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Российской Федерации в 2005 году”. М., 2006. 499 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Государственный доклад “О состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Российской Федерации в 2005 году”. М., 2006. 499 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доклад о состоянии окружающей природной среды Москвы в 2000–2001 годах. М., 2002. 102 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Доклад о состоянии окружающей природной среды Москвы в 2000–2001 годах. М., 2002. 102 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Загрязнение атмосферы формальдегидом: аналитический обзор / Скубневская Г.И., Дульцова Г.Г. Новосибирск: Институт химической кинетики и горения, 1994. 69 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Загрязнение атмосферы формальдегидом: аналитический обзор / Скубневская Г.И., Дульцова Г.Г. Новосибирск: Институт химической кинетики и горения, 1994. 69 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исидоров В. А. Органическая химия атмосферы / Под ред. Иоффе Б.В. СПб.: Химия, 1992. 264 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Исидоров В. А. Органическая химия атмосферы / Под ред. Иоффе Б.В. СПб.: Химия, 1992. 264 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальный доклад о состоянии окружающей среды в Республике Казахстан в 2004 году. Алматы, 2005. 229 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Национальный доклад о состоянии окружающей среды в Республике Казахстан в 2004 году. Алматы, 2005. 229 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гидрометеорологические наблюдения, состояние и загрязнение атмосферного воздуха, поверхностных вод и почв, радиационная обстановка в Республике Беларусь в 2005 году Мн.: РУП Бел НИЦ “Экология”, 2006. 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гидрометеорологические наблюдения, состояние и загрязнение атмосферного воздуха, поверхностных вод и почв, радиационная обстановка в Республике Беларусь в 2005 году Мн.: РУП Бел НИЦ “Экология”, 2006. 160 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Реестр методик выполнения измерений в области экологического контроля. Ч. 2. Воздух атмосферный, промышленные выбросы. СТБ 1126–98. Минск, 2006. 66 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Реестр методик выполнения измерений в области экологического контроля. Ч. 2. Воздух атмосферный, промышленные выбросы. СТБ 1126–98. Минск, 2006. 66 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство ЕМЕП по отбору проб и химическому анализу (перевод с английского). 2001. 270 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руководство ЕМЕП по отбору проб и химическому анализу (перевод с английского). 2001. 270 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по контролю загрязнения атмосферы РД 52.04.186-89. Часть I и II. Л.: Госкомгидромет СССР, 1991. 693 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руководство по контролю загрязнения атмосферы РД 52.04.186-89. Часть I и II. Л.: Госкомгидромет СССР, 1991. 693 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние окружающей среды в Бишкеке в 2001 г. 2002. /http://www.ceroi.net/reports/bishkek/issues/air_quality/state.htm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Состояние окружающей среды в Бишкеке в 2001 г. 2002. /http://www.ceroi.net/reports/bishkek/issues/air_quality/state.htm.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние природной среды Беларуси. Экологический бюллетень 2005 г. Мн.: РУП БелНИЦ “Экология”, 2006. 324 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Состояние природной среды Беларуси. Экологический бюллетень 2005 г. Мн.: РУП БелНИЦ “Экология”, 2006. 324 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Air Pollution Monitoring in Europe – Problems and Trends. Topic Report № 26/1996. EPA, 1996. 91 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Air Pollution Monitoring in Europe – Problems and Trends. Topic Report № 26/1996. EPA, 1996. 91 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Air Quality Guidelines for Europe Second Edition. WHO, 2000. 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Air Quality Guidelines for Europe Second Edition. WHO, 2000. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Air Toxics Monitoring Concept Paper. 2000. 44 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Air Toxics Monitoring Concept Paper. 2000. 44 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chorazy M., Szeliga J., Strózyk M., Cimander B. Ambient Air Pollutants in Upper Silesia: Partial Chemical Composition and Biological Activity // Environmental Health Perspectives 102, Supplement 4, October 1994. P. 61–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chorazy M., Szeliga J., Strózyk M., Cimander B. Ambient Air Pollutants in Upper Silesia: Partial Chemical Composition and Biological Activity // Environmental Health Perspectives 102, Supplement 4, October 1994. P. 61–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Rapid Method for the Estimation of the Environmental Parameters Octanol / Swann R.L, Laskowski D.A, McCall P.J et al. Water Partition Coefficient, Soil Sorption Constant, Water to Air Ratio and Water Solubility. Residue Rev 85. 1983. P. 17–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A Rapid Method for the Estimation of the Environmental Parameters Octanol / Swann R.L, Laskowski D.A, McCall P.J et al. Water Partition Coefficient, Soil Sorption Constant, Water to Air Ratio and Water Solubility. Residue Rev 85. 1983. P. 17–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seinfeld J. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution. N.Y.: John Wiley, 1986. 768 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seinfeld J. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution. N.Y.: John Wiley, 1986. 768 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Environmental Health Criteria 89. Formaldehyde. Geneva. WHO, 1989. 182 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Environmental Health Criteria 89. Formaldehyde. Geneva. WHO, 1989. 182 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Final Report on the Identifi cation of Formaldehyde as a Toxic Air Contaminant / Prepared by the Staffs of the Air Resources Board and the Offi ce of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment July 1992. 17 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Final Report on the Identifi cation of Formaldehyde as a Toxic Air Contaminant / Prepared by the Staffs of the Air Resources Board and the Offi ce of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment July 1992. 17 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fushimi K., Miyake Y. Contents of Formaldehyde in the Air Above the Surface of the Ocean // J. Geophys. Res. 1980. V. 85C. № 12. P. 7533–7536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fushimi K., Miyake Y. Contents of Formaldehyde in the Air Above the Surface of the Ocean // J. Geophys. Res. 1980. V. 85C. № 12. P. 7533–7536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenbalt M. Formaldehyde Toxicology: a Review of Recent Developments // Proc. 2nd. Conf. The Role of Formaldehyde in Biological Systems. Budapest, 1987. P. 53–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenbalt M. Formaldehyde Toxicology: a Review of Recent Developments // Proc. 2nd. Conf. The Role of Formaldehyde in Biological Systems. Budapest, 1987. P. 53–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grosjean D. Formaldehyde and other carbonyls in Los Angeles ambient air // Environm. Sci. and Technol., 1982. V. 16. P. 254–264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grosjean D. Formaldehyde and other carbonyls in Los Angeles ambient air // Environm. Sci. and Technol., 1982. V. 16. P. 254–264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heindorf M. Detroit Pilot Project: Preliminary Conclusions. Pilot City Data Analysis Conference . Chicago. May 13–14, 2003. 18 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heindorf M. Detroit Pilot Project: Preliminary Conclusions. Pilot City Data Analysis Conference . Chicago. May 13–14, 2003. 18 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hjellbrekke A.-G. Data Report 2005. Acidifying and atrophying compounds. EMEP/CCC-Report 1/2007. 123 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hjellbrekke A.-G. Data Report 2005. Acidifying and atrophying compounds. EMEP/CCC-Report 1/2007. 123 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 88. Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol. World Health Organization. Lyon, France, 2006. 497 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 88. Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol. World Health Organization. Lyon, France, 2006. 497 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalabokas P., Carlier P., Fresnet P. et al. Field Studies of Aldehydes Chemistry in the Paris Area // Atmospheric Environment. 1988. V. 22. № 1. P. 141–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalabokas P., Carlier P., Fresnet P. et al. Field Studies of Aldehydes Chemistry in the Paris Area // Atmospheric Environment. 1988. V. 22. № 1. P. 141–155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim Y. S. Formaldehyde Levels in Seul Indoor Microenvironments // Man and Ecosystem. Proc. 8th World Clean Air Congress, the Hague. 1989. Amsterdam, 1989. V. 1. P. 301–306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim Y. S. Formaldehyde Levels in Seul Indoor Microenvironments // Man and Ecosystem. Proc. 8th World Clean Air Congress, the Hague. 1989. Amsterdam, 1989. V. 1. P. 301–306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latvian State of the Environment Report 1998 / http://www.vkmc.gov.lv/soe_engl/index.htm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latvian State of the Environment Report 1998 / http://www.vkmc.gov.lv/soe_engl/index.htm.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Locating and Estimating air emissions from sources of formaldehyde (revised). EPA-450/4-91-012. 1991. 123 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Locating and Estimating air emissions from sources of formaldehyde (revised). EPA-450/4-91-012. 1991. 123 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowe D.C., Schmidt U., Ehhalt D.H. A new technique for measuring tropospheric formaldehyde [CH2O]. Geophys Res Lett 7. 1980. P. 825–828.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowe D.C., Schmidt U., Ehhalt D.H. A new technique for measuring tropospheric formaldehyde [CH2O]. Geophys Res Lett 7. 1980. P. 825–828.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Air Toxic Program: The Integrated Urban Strategy. Report to Congress EPA-453/R-99-007. 2000. 159 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Air Toxic Program: The Integrated Urban Strategy. Report to Congress EPA-453/R-99-007. 2000. 159 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Possanzini M., Vincenzo Di Palo and Cecinato A. Sources and Photodecomposition of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Rome Ambient Air // Atmospheric Environment Volume 36, Issue 19, July 2002. P. 3195–3201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Possanzini M., Vincenzo Di Palo and Cecinato A. Sources and Photodecomposition of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Rome Ambient Air // Atmospheric Environment Volume 36, Issue 19, July 2002. P. 3195–3201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">State of the Environment in Tbilisi 2000 / http://www.ceroi.net/reports/tbilisi/issues/air_quality/index.htm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State of the Environment in Tbilisi 2000 / http://www.ceroi.net/reports/tbilisi/issues/air_quality/index.htm.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szilagyi I., Demeter A., Turanyi T., Berces T. Nonmethane Hydrocarbon and Aldehyde Measurements in Budapesht, Hungary // Ibid. 1991. Vol. 25A. № 10. P. 2103–2110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szilagyi I., Demeter A., Turanyi T., Berces T. Nonmethane Hydrocarbon and Aldehyde Measurements in Budapesht, Hungary // Ibid. 1991. Vol. 25A. № 10. P. 2103–2110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality / A. Alexis, P. Cox et al. 2005. 504 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality / A. Alexis, P. Cox et al. 2005. 504 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toxicological Profi le for Formaldehyde. US Department of Health and Human Services. 1999. 468 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toxicological Profi le for Formaldehyde. US Department of Health and Human Services. 1999. 468 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williamson J., Westberg H. Seattle Air Toxics Studies. Air Toxics Monitoring and Data Analysis // Workshop October 29–30. Chicago, IL. 2001. 39 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williamson J., Westberg H. Seattle Air Toxics Studies. Air Toxics Monitoring and Data Analysis // Workshop October 29–30. Chicago, IL. 2001. 39 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
