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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556623030056</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QQWOKE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Природные процессы и динамика геосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Natural Processes and Dynamics of Geosystems</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ландшафтные инварианты – параметры порядка динамической сиcтемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Landscape Invariants–Order Parmeters of a Dynamic System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байбар</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baibar</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baybaranastasia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузаченко</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzachenko</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сандлерский</surname><given-names>Р. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandlersky</surname><given-names>R. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кренке</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krenke</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН; Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS; HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS; HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>370–390</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Байбар А.С., Пузаченко М.Ю., Сандлерский Р.Б., Кренке А.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байбар А.С., Пузаченко М.Ю., Сандлерский Р.Б., Кренке А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baibar A.S., Puzachenko M.Y., Sandlersky R.B., Krenke A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2292">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2292</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются методологические обоснования проблемы выделения инвариантов нелинейных динамических систем в ландшафтоведении. Понятие инвариантности в контексте существования устойчивых во времени пространственных структур в ландшафте было предложено В.Б. Сочавой (1961). С накоплением многолетних рядов наблюдений состояний ландшафта посредством мультиспектральной съемки, выделение таких инвариантов стало осуществимо на практике. На примере анализа мультиспектральных измерений отражения солнечной радиации для южно-таежного ландшафта (Центрально-Лесной государственный природный биосферный заповедник) со спутников серии Landsat c 1987 по 2022 г. показано, что инварианты, последовательно выделяемые методом главных компонент как параметры порядка, в первую очередь определяют общую надземную биомассу растительности, содержание воды в растительности и почвах и интенсивность фотосинтеза, т.е. биопродукционного процесса. Предложенная схема анализа временных рядов дистанционной информации позволяет оценивать ландшафтный покров в момент съемки относительно инварианта как предельного стационарного состояния ландшафта и выявлять основные управляющие параметры, определяющие изменения условий среды и саморазвитие системы. Для выявления физического смысла полученных инвариантов был проанализирован вклад растительности и рельефа в формирование его структуры. Показано, что рельеф слабо влияет на параметры порядка, а наибольший вклад в формирование инвариантной структуры вносят характеристики растительного покрова. Так как инварианты позволяют выделить наиболее стационарные состояния, то очевидны возможности их применения для решения прикладных задач в сельском и лесном хозяйстве, а также в оценке различных экосистемных услуг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers theoretical and methodological substantiation of identifying invariants problem in nonlinear dynamic systems. Invariance in context of stable spatio-temporal structures in a landscape was proposed by V.B. Sochava in 1961. The accumulation of long-term series of landscape observations by means of multispectral imaging made it possible to identify invariants in practice. An analysis of Landsat multispectral measurements from 1987 to 2022 for the southern taiga landscape (Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve) shows that invariants identified as order parameters primarily determine total aboveground vegetation biomass, the water content in vegetation and soils, and the intensity of photosynthesis, i.e. bioproduction process. The proposed scheme for analyzing time series of remote sensing data makes it possible to assess landscape cover at the time of survey with respect to invariants and to identify the main control parameters that determine changes in environmental conditions and self-development of geosystems. The assessment of vegetation and relief contribution to formation of invariants structure was made to reveal invariants physical meaning. The results showed that relief has little effect on order parameters, and vegetation cover make the greatest contribution to invariant structure formation. Since invariants make it possible to identify the most stationary states, they can be used to solve applied problems in agriculture and forestry, as well as in the assessment of various ecosystem services.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>параметры порядка</kwd><kwd>инвариант</kwd><kwd>синергетика</kwd><kwd>Landsat</kwd><kwd>МДДЗ</kwd><kwd>ЦЛГПБЗ</kwd><kwd>метод главных компонент</kwd><kwd>геоботанические описания</kwd><kwd>морфометрические характеристики рельефа</kwd><kwd>южно-таежный ландшафт</kwd><kwd>юг Валдайской возвышенности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multispectral remote sensing data</kwd><kwd>order parameters</kwd><kwd>invariant</kwd><kwd>synergetics</kwd><kwd>Landsat</kwd><kwd>Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve</kwd><kwd>Principal Component Method</kwd><kwd>geobotanical descriptions</kwd><kwd>morphometric characteristics of relief</kwd><kwd>southern taiga landscape</kwd><kwd>south of the Valdai Upland</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по теме № FMGE-2019-0007 Государственного задания Института географии РАН (в части сбора данных) и гранта РНФ № 22-27-00781 (в части анализа данных).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by state task FMGE-2019-0007 (data collection) and Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-27-00781 (data analysis).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бевз В.Н. 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