sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556623030093QSPVSUsergeogr-2295Research ArticleПриродопользование и геоэкологияNatural Recourse Use and GeoecologyВодный кризис Индии: нексусно-региональная концепция решенияWater Crisis in India: Concept of Nexus-Regional SolutionСдасюкГ. В.SdasyukG. V.

Москва

Moscow

galsdas@bk.ruАлексееваН. Н.AlekseevaN. N.

Москва

Moscow

nalex01@mail.ruИнститут географии РАНРоссияInstitute of Geography RASRussian FederationГеографический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияFaculty of Geography, Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202317122023873420–429Copyright © Сдасюк Г.В., Алексеева Н.Н., 20232023Сдасюк Г.В., Алексеева Н.Н.Sdasyuk G.V., Alekseeva N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2295

В Индии, которая в 2023 г. заняла первое место в мире по численности населения, быстрое технолого-экономическое развитие сочетается с усилением дефицита природных ресурсов, особенно остро проявляющегося в недостатке водных ресурсов. Увеличение объемов водопотребления (около 90% воды идет на нужды ирригации), усиление конкуренции за водные ресурсы со стороны сельского хозяйства, энергетики, промышленности, урбанизации и др. требуют перехода от секторного управления водопользованием к управлению на основе концепции нексуса – сцепления связей секторов. Центральным выступает нексус “вода–энергия–продовольствие”, который стал активно изучаться с начала 2010-х годов. Разрабатываемая новая редакция Национальной водной политики Индии фокусируется на задачах развития нексуса, включая более тесные связи между секторальными программами и планами развития. В статье на основе обзора научных публикаций, критического анализа прогнозов и сценариев, использования баз статистических данных выявлены основные взаимосвязи между звеньями нексуса “вода–энергия–продовольствие”. Установлены наиболее острые проблемы рационализации использования водных ресурсов на уровне страны, отдельных штатов и крупных речных бассейнов (проект “Чистый Ганг”). Рассмотрены принимаемые в Индии технологические и управленческие решения, нацеленные на преодоление проблем водопользования на основе нексусного подхода. Новой движущей силой выступает ускоренное развитие возобновляемых источников энергии. Проблемы нексуса “вода–энергия–продовольствие”, которые усложняются в условиях изменений климата, могут успешно решаться только в контексте интегрального регионального развития.

In India, which ranks first in the world in terms of population size in 2023, rapid technological and economic development is combined with an increased scarcity of natural resources, which is especially acute in the lack of water resources. Increase of water consumption (90% of water is consumed by irrigation and agriculture), growing competition for water resources from energy, industry, urbanization, etc. require a transition from sectoral water use management to management based on the concept of nexus (latin)–linkage between sectors. The central is Water–Energy–Food nexus which has been studied since the early 2010s. In developing the new National Water Policy of India, attention is focused on the development of the Water–Energy–Food production nexus. The article is based on a review of scientific publications, a critical analysis of forecasts and scenarios, and the use of statistical databases. The most acute problems of water availability and rationalization of its use are discussed at the state level and at the level of large river basins (project “Pure Ganges”). Technological and managerial decisions made in India aimed at rationalizing water use based on an unsophisticated approach are considered. A new driving force is the accelerated development of renewable energy sources. The problems of the Water–Energy–Food production nexus can be successfully solved only in the context of integral regional development, which becomes more complicated under the climate change.

Индиядефицит водных ресурсовводопользованиеэнергетикасельское хозяйствопродовольственная проблемавзаимосвязисоциально-экономическое развитиеIndianexus approachwater scarcitywater useenergyagriculturefood problemregional developmentСтатья подготовлена по материалам исследований по темам ГЗ Института географии РАН № 0148-20190008 (FMGE-2019-0008) и географического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова № 121040100322-8.The article was prepared on the basis of research materials on the topics of the State Tasks of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences no. 014820190008 and the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University no. 121040100322-8.ReferencesАлексеева Н.Н. Проблема виртуальной воды в Индии в контексте межбассейновых перебросок речного стока // Мир геоэкологии. Геоэкологические проблемы и пути их решения. М.: ГЕОС, 2017. С. 153–162.Abdullaev I., Rakhmatullaev S. Setting up the agenda for water reforms in Central Asia: does the nexus approach help? Environ. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.