<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556623040052</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CTGOHO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лесные экосистемы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Forest Ecosystems</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг экосистемных потоков парниковых газов на территории россии: сеть RuFlux</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RuFlux: The Network of the Eddy Covariance Sites in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куричева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuricheva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.alek.de@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авилов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avilov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varlagin@sevin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варлагин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varlagin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varlagin@sevin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гитарский</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gitarskiy</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrichenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ханты-Мансийск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khanty-Mansiysk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюкарев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyukarev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ханты-Мансийск</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khanty-Mansiysk</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dekot@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загирова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagirova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сыктывкар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Syktyvkar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zagirova@ib.komisc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замолодчиков</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamolodchikov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzamolod@cepl.rssi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карелин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karelin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkarelin7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карсанаев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karsanaev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курганова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurganova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пущино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushchino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапшина</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshina</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ханты-Мансийск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khanty-Mansiysk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Т. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximov</surname><given-names>T. Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tcmax@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadimmamkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марунич</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marunich</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валдай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valday</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигловец</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miglovets</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сыктывкар</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Syktyvkar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сыктывкар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Syktyvkar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокушкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokushkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokushkin@ksc.krasn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиденко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-13"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurbatova.j@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российское энергетическое агентство</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Energy Agency under the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Югорский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yugra University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Югорский государственный университет; Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yugra University; Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологии Коми научного центра УО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН – обособленное подразделение ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a separate subdivision of the Federal Research Centre of the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences&#13;
(FRC KSC SB RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны СО РАН – обособленное подразделение ФИЦ ЯНЦ СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a separate subdivision FSBIS Federal Research Centre “Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy&#13;
of Sciences”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Phisicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Валдайский филиал Государственного гидрологического института</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Valday Branch of State Hydrological Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-13"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов РАН; НПО Тайфун</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Scientific and Production Association “Typhoon”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Роль природных и антропогенных экосистем в реализации стратегии&#13;
низкоуглеродного развития РФ и декарбонизации экономики страны</issue-title><elocation-id>512–535</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куричева О.А., Авилов В.К., Варлагин А.В., Гитарский М.Л., Дмитриченко А.А., Дюкарев Е.А., Загирова С.В., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Зырянов В.И., Карелин Д.В., Карсанаев С.В., Курганова И.Н., Лапшина Е.Д., Максимов А.П., Максимов Т.Х., Мамкин В.В., Марунич А.С., Мигловец М.Н., Михайлов О.А., Панов А.В., Прокушкин А.С., Сиденко Н.В., Шилкин А.В., Курбатова Ю.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куричева О.А., Авилов В.К., Варлагин А.В., Гитарский М.Л., Дмитриченко А.А., Дюкарев Е.А., Загирова С.В., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Зырянов В.И., Карелин Д.В., Карсанаев С.В., Курганова И.Н., Лапшина Е.Д., Максимов А.П., Максимов Т.Х., Мамкин В.В., Марунич А.С., Мигловец М.Н., Михайлов О.А., Панов А.В., Прокушкин А.С., Сиденко Н.В., Шилкин А.В., Курбатова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuricheva O.A., Avilov V.K., Varlagin A.V., Gitarskiy M.L., Dmitrichenko A.A., Dyukarev E.A., Zagirova S.V., Zamolodchikov D.G., Zyryanov V.I., Karelin D.V., Karsanaev S.V., Kurganova I.N., Lapshina E.D., Maximov A.P., Maximov T.C., Mamkin V.V., Marunich A.S., Miglovets M.N., Mikhailov O.A., Panov A.V., Prokushkin A.V., Sidenko N.V., Shilkin A.V., Курбатова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2302">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2302</self-uri><abstract><p>Впервые дается обобщенная информация по истории формирования, состоянию наблюдений и основным научным результатам региональных сетей и станций, включенных в RuFlux – общероссийскую систему мониторинга экосистемных потоков парниковых газов (ПГ). Измерения проводятся по мировым стандартам методом турбулентных пульсаций (eddy covariance method), обеспечивающим сопоставимые оценки потоков ПГ на пространственном уровне отдельных экосистем. Получены многолетние (более 190 станций-лет наблюдений) ряды потоков ПГ. По состоянию на осень 2022 г. 86% станций сети RuFlux расположено в лесных и болотных экосистемах, 77% всех станций – в средней и южной тайге. Почти все ненарушенные экосистемы России являются стоками CO2 из атмосферы с диапазоном средних годовых оценок нетто-поглощения от 80 до 240 г C/(м2 год). Баланс ПГ определяется комплексом абиотических и биотических факторов. Среднее многолетнее неттопоглощение CO2 выше в мерзлотных лиственничниках Сибири, чем в ельниках Европейской территории России, несмотря на краткость вегетационного сезона (менее 4 мес. у лиственничников и более 6 мес. у ельников). При движении с запада на восток интенсивность стока CO2 в середине лета увеличивается, а эмиссия CO2 в середине зимы резко снижается. Природные и антропогенные нарушения приводят к трансформации углеродного баланса за счет увеличения выделения CO2 в атмосферу. В целом, сеть RuFlux охватывает широкий спектр климатических условий и типов экосистем, но для повышения ее репрезентативности по всей территории России требуется создание станций, работающих по методу турбулентных пульсаций, в тундровых, северо-таежных, лесостепных, степных и полупустынных экосистемах. Также нужна организация мониторинга ПГ в антропогенно-измененных экосистемах (в том числе агроценозах) и в экосистемах с сукцессиями, вызванными природными нарушениями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For the first time, the information is summarized on the history of establishment, the state of observations and the main scientific results on sites included in RuFlux, the Russian eddy covariance network for the monitoring of greenhouse gases (GHG). Eddy covariance technique provides estimates of GHG fluxes at the level of ecosystems. The long-term series of GHG fluxes (more than 190 site-years of observations) have been obtained. Up to the end of 2022, 86% of the sites of the RuFlux network are located in forests and wetlands, 77% of all sites are in the middle and southern taiga. Almost all undisturbed ecosystems in Russia are the sinks of CO2 from the atmosphere with a range of average annual estimates of net absorption from 80 to 240 g C m–2 yr–1. The GHG balance is determined by a complex of abiotic and biotic factors. The average long-term net CO2 absorption is higher in permafrost Siberian larch forests than in European spruce forests. When moving from west to east, the intensity of CO2 sink in the middle of summer increases, and the emission of CO2 in the middle of winter decreases sharply. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances lead to the transformation of the carbon balance by increasing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. RuFlux network covers a wide range of types of ecosystems, but it is needed to organize more GHG sites in tundra, northern taiga, forest-steppe, steppe, and semi-deserts; in the ecosystems disturbed by humans (including fields) and in the ecosystems with successions caused by natural disturbances.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод турбулентных пульсаций</kwd><kwd>экосистемы</kwd><kwd>чистый экосистемный обмен</kwd><kwd>сеть измерений</kwd><kwd>эколого-климатические станции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eddy covariance method</kwd><kwd>ecosystems</kwd><kwd>net ecosystem exchange</kwd><kwd>measurement network</kwd><kwd>ecoclimatic sites</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации важнейшего инновационного проекта государственного значения “Разработка системы наземного и дистанционного мониторинга пулов углерода и потоков парниковых газов на территории Российской Федерации, обеспечение создания системы учета данных о потоках климатически активных веществ и бюджете углерода в лесах и других наземных экологических системах” (рег. № 123030300031-6). Работы в Институте географии РАН (Москва) были выполнены Д.В. Карелиным в рамках темы ГЗ FMGE-2019-0006 (моделирование). Работа в Республике Саха (Якутия) выполнена в рамках госзадания Минобрнауки России по проекту “Исследование биогеохимических циклов и адаптивных реакций растений бореальных и арктических экосистем северо-востока России” (код научной темы: FWRS-2021-0024; номер гос. регистрации в ЕГИСУ: АААА-А21-121012190034-2; руководитель: д.б.н. Максимов Т.Х.) и с применением оборудования ЦКП ФИЦ “ЯНЦ СО РАН” (грант № 13.ЦКП.21.0016): инфракрасный газоанализатор CO2 и паров воды Li-7500 открытого типа (LI-COR), портативный инфракрасный газоанализатор EGM-4 (PP-System). Работы Югорского государственного университета выполнены на карбоновом полигоне “Мухрино” ФГБОУ ВО “ЮГУ” в рамках пилотного проекта Минобрнауки России по созданию на территории регионов России карбоновых полигонов для разработки и испытаний технологий контроля углеродного баланса, реализуемого на основании Приказа Минобрнауки России от 5 февраля 2021 г. № 74 “О полигонах для разработки и испытаний технологий контроля углеродного баланса” (с изменениями от 21.01.2022), а также при поддержке гранта Правительства Тюменской области в соответствии с программой Западно-Сибирского межрегионального научно-образовательного центра мирового уровня в рамках национального проекта “Наука”. Соглашение № 94-ДОН/05.5/20-ЮГУ-231 от 14.12.2020. Работа В.В. Мамкина (обработка данных пульсационных наблюдений в ЦЛГПБЗ, Тверская область) выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № 1022031600002-11.6.19). Работы для станций TV-Fyo и TV-Fy2 выполнялись при поддержке гранта РНФ 21-14-00209.  Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность С.П. Швецову, С.Н. Кузину (ИБ Коми научного центра УО РАН), С.В. Титову, Р.А. Колосову, А.А. Цуканову (ИЛ СО РАН) за техническое обслуживание оборудования; Р.Е. Петрову (ИБПК СО РАН), Д.Г. Иванову (ИПЭЭ им. А.Н. Северцова РАН), И.В. Железновой (МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова) за помощь в подготовке статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out as part of the most important innovative project of national importance “Development of a system for ground-based and remote monitoring of carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes in the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the creation of recording data systems on the fluxes of climate-active substances and the carbon budget in forests and other terrestrial ecological systems” (registration no. 123030300031-6). The work at the Institute of Geography RAS was carried out by D.V. Karelin in the framework of the state assignment FMGE-2019-0006 (modelling). The work in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under the project “Study of biogeochemical cycles and adaptive reactions of plants in boreal and arctic ecosystems of the north-east of Russia” (scientific theme code: FWRS-2021-0024; state registration no. АААА-А21-121012190034-2; supervisor: Maximov T.Kh., Doctor of Biological Sciences) and using the equipment of the Central Collective Use Center of the Federal Research Center “YaNC SB RAS” (grant no. 13.TsKP.21.0016): an infrared open type gas analyzer for CO2 and water vapor Li-7500 (LI-COR), portable infrared gas analyzer EGM-4 (PP-System). The work of Yugra University was carried out at the Mukhrino carbon polygon of the Yugra University as part of a pilot project of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science to create carbon polygons in the regions of Russia for the development and testing of carbon balance control technologies, implemented on the basis of the Order of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science of February 5, 2021 No. 74 On Carbon Polygons for the Development and Testing of Technologies of the Control of Carbon Balance (as amended on January 21, 2022), as well as with the support of the grant from the Government of Tyumen oblast in accordance with the program of the West Siberian Interregional Scientific and Educational Center of the World Level within the framework of the national project “The Science.” Agreement no. 94DON/05.5/20-YUGU-231 dated December 14, 2020. The work of V.V. Mamkin (eddy covariance data processing from Tverskaya oblast) was supported by the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme no.  1022031600002-11.6.19). The study for TV-Fyo and TV-Fy2 sites has been supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (no. 21-14-00209). The 	authors 	express 	their 	deep 	gratitude 	to S.P. Shvetsov, S.N. Kuzin (Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the UB of the RAS), S.V. Titov, R.A. Kolosov, A.A. Tsukanov (Sukachev Institute of Forest of the SB of the RAS) for the maintenance of the equipment; to R.E. Petrov (Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone of the SB of RAS), D.G. Ivanov (Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS), I.V. Zheleznova (Lomonosov Moscow State University) for the assistance in preparing this manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурба Г.Г., Курбатова Ю.А., Куричева О.А., Авилов В.К., Мамкин В.В. Метод турбулентных пульсаций. Краткое практическое руководство. М.: ИПЭЭ им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, 2016. 223 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бурба Г.Г., Курбатова Ю.А., Куричева О.А., Авилов В.К., Мамкин В.В. Метод турбулентных пульсаций. Краткое практическое руководство. М.: ИПЭЭ им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, 2016. 223 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карелин Д.В., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Шилкин А.В., Куманяев А.С., Попов С.Ю., Тельнова Н.О., Гитарский М.Л. Влияние прогрессирующего распада древостоя на углеродный обмен еловых лесов // ДАН. Сер. наук о Земле. 2020. Т. 493. № 1. С. 89–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Карелин Д.В., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Шилкин А.В., Куманяев А.С., Попов С.Ю., Тельнова Н.О., Гитарский М.Л. Влияние прогрессирующего распада древостоя на углеродный обмен еловых лесов // ДАН. Сер. наук о Земле. 2020. Т. 493. № 1. С. 89–93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чебакова Н.М., Выгодская Н.Н., Арнет А., БелеллиМаркезини Л., Курбатова Ю.А., Парфенова Е.И., Валентини Р., Верховец С.В., Ваганов Е.А., Шульце Е.Д. Энерго- и массообмен и продуктивность основных экосистем Сибири (по результатам измерений методом турбулентных пульсаций) 2. Углеродный обмен и продуктивность // Изв. РАН. Сер. биол. 2014. № 1. С. 65–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чебакова Н.М., Выгодская Н.Н., Арнет А., БелеллиМаркезини Л., Курбатова Ю.А., Парфенова Е.И., Валентини Р., Верховец С.В., Ваганов Е.А., Шульце Е.Д. Энерго- и массообмен и продуктивность основных экосистем Сибири (по результатам измерений методом турбулентных пульсаций) 2. Углеродный обмен и продуктивность // Изв. РАН. Сер. биол. 2014. № 1. С. 65–75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alekseychik P., Mammarella I., Karpov D., Dengel S., Terentieva I., Sabrekov A., Glagolev M., Lapshina E. Net ecosystem exchange and energy fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique in a West Siberian bog // Atmospheric Chem. and Phys. 2017. Vol. 17. P. 9333–9345. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseychik P., Mammarella I., Karpov D., Dengel S., Terentieva I., Sabrekov A., Glagolev M., Lapshina E. Net ecosystem exchange and energy fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique in a West Siberian bog // Atmospheric Chem. and Phys. 2017. Vol. 17. P. 9333–9345. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldocchi D.D. How eddy covariance flux measurements have contributed to our understanding of Global Change Biology // Global Change Biology. 2020. Vol. 26. № 1. P. 242–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldocchi D.D. How eddy covariance flux measurements have contributed to our understanding of Global Change Biology // Global Change Biology. 2020. Vol. 26. № 1. P. 242–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolman A.J., Shvidenko A., Schepaschenko D., Ciais P., Tchebakova N., Chen T., van der Molen M.K., Belelli Marchesini L., Maximov T.C., Maksyutov S., Schulze E.-D. An estimate of the terrestrial carbon budget of Russia using inventory-based, eddy covariance and inversion methods // Biogeosciences. 2012. Vol. 9. № 12. P. 5323–5340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolman A.J., Shvidenko A., Schepaschenko D., Ciais P., Tchebakova N., Chen T., van der Molen M.K., Belelli Marchesini L., Maximov T.C., Maksyutov S., Schulze E.-D. An estimate of the terrestrial carbon budget of Russia using inventory-based, eddy covariance and inversion methods // Biogeosciences. 2012. Vol. 9. № 12. P. 5323–5340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heimann M. The EUROSIBERIAN CARBONFLUX project // Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2002. Vol. 54. № 5. P. 417–419.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heimann M. The EUROSIBERIAN CARBONFLUX project // Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2002. Vol. 54. № 5. P. 417–419.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karelin D.V., Zamolodchikov D.G., Shilkin A.V., Popov S.Y., Kumanyaev A.S., de Gerenyu V.O., Tel’nova N.O., Gitarskiy M.L. The effect of tree mortality on CO2 fluxes in an old-growth spruce forest // European J. of Forest Research. 2021. Vol. 140. № 2. P. 287–305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karelin D.V., Zamolodchikov D.G., Shilkin A.V., Popov S.Y., Kumanyaev A.S., de Gerenyu V.O., Tel’nova N.O., Gitarskiy M.L. The effect of tree mortality on CO2 fluxes in an old-growth spruce forest // European J. of Forest Research. 2021. Vol. 140. № 2. P. 287–305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurbatova J., Li C., Varlagin A., Xiao X., Vygodskaya N. Modeling carbon dynamics in two adjacent spruce for- ests with different soil conditions in Russia // Biogeosciences. 2008. Vol. 5. P. 969–980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbatova J., Li C., Varlagin A., Xiao X., Vygodskaya N. Modeling carbon dynamics in two adjacent spruce for- ests with different soil conditions in Russia // Biogeosciences. 2008. Vol. 5. P. 969–980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurbatova J., Li C., Tatarinov F., Varlagin A., Shalukhina N., Olchev A. Modeling of the carbon dioxide fluxes in European Russia peat bogs // Environmental Research Lett. 2009. Vol. 4. № 4. P. 045022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbatova J., Li C., Tatarinov F., Varlagin A., Shalukhina N., Olchev A. Modeling of the carbon dioxide fluxes in European Russia peat bogs // Environmental Research Lett. 2009. Vol. 4. № 4. P. 045022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mamkin V., Kurbatova J., Avilov V., Ivanov D., Kuricheva O., Varlagin A., Yaseneva I., Olchev A. Energy and CO2 exchange in an undisturbed spruce forest and clear-cut in the Southern Taiga // Agric. For. Meteorol. 2019a. Vol. 265. P. 252–268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamkin V., Kurbatova J., Avilov V., Ivanov D., Kuricheva O., Varlagin A., Yaseneva I., Olchev A. Energy and CO2 exchange in an undisturbed spruce forest and clear-cut in the Southern Taiga // Agric. For. Meteorol. 2019a. Vol. 265. P. 252–268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mamkin V.V., Mukhartova Y.V., Diachenko M.S., Kurbatova J.A. Three-year variability of energy and carbon dioxide fluxes at clear-cut forest site in the European southern taiga // Geography. Environment, Sustainability. 2019b. Vol. 12. № 2. P. 197–212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamkin V.V., Mukhartova Y.V., Diachenko M.S., Kurbatova J.A. Three-year variability of energy and carbon dioxide fluxes at clear-cut forest site in the European southern taiga // Geography. Environment, Sustainability. 2019b. Vol. 12. № 2. P. 197–212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mamkin V., Varlagin A., Yaseneva I., Kurbatova J. Response of Spruce Forest Ecosystem CO2 Fluxes to Inter-Annual Climate Anomalies in the Southern Taiga // Forests. 2022. Vol. 13. № 7. P. 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13071019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamkin V., Varlagin A., Yaseneva I., Kurbatova J. Response of Spruce Forest Ecosystem CO2 Fluxes to Inter-Annual Climate Anomalies in the Southern Taiga // Forests. 2022. Vol. 13. № 7. P. 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13071019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mamkin V., Avilov V., Ivanov D., Varlagin A., Kurbatova J. Interannual variability of the ecosystem CO2 fluxes at paludified spruce forest and ombrotrophic bog in southern taiga // Atmospheric Chem. and Phys. 2023. Vol. 23. № 3. P. 2273–2291. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2273-2023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamkin V., Avilov V., Ivanov D., Varlagin A., Kurbatova J. Interannual variability of the ecosystem CO2 fluxes at paludified spruce forest and ombrotrophic bog in southern taiga // Atmospheric Chem. and Phys. 2023. Vol. 23. № 3. P. 2273–2291. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2273-2023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maximov T.C., Maksimov A.P., Kononov A.V., Kotani A., Dolman A.J. Carbon Cycles in Forests // Water and Carbon Dynamics / T. Ohta, T. Hiyama, Y. Iijima, A. Kotani, T.C. Maximov (Eds.). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2019. P. 69–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maximov T.C., Maksimov A.P., Kononov A.V., Kotani A., Dolman A.J. Carbon Cycles in Forests // Water and Carbon Dynamics / T. Ohta, T. Hiyama, Y. Iijima, A. Kotani, T.C. Maximov (Eds.). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2019. P. 69–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikhaylov O.A., Zagirova S.V., Miglovets M.N. Seasonal and inter-annual variability of carbon dioxide exchange at a boreal peatland in north-east European Russia // Mires and Peat. 2019. Vol. 24. № 34. P. 1–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhaylov O.A., Zagirova S.V., Miglovets M.N. Seasonal and inter-annual variability of carbon dioxide exchange at a boreal peatland in north-east European Russia // Mires and Peat. 2019. Vol. 24. № 34. P. 1–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulze E.-D., Lloyd J., Kelliher F.M., Wirth C., Rebmann C., Lühker B., Mund M., Knohl A., Milyukova I.M., Schulze W., Ziegler W., Varlagin A.V., Sogachev A.F., Valentini R., Dore S., Grigoriev S., Kolle O., Panfyorov M.I., Tchebakova N., Vygodskaya N.N. Productivity of forests in the Eurosiberian boreal region and their potential to act as a carbonsink – a synthesis // Global Change Biology. 1999. Vol. 5. № 6. P. 703–722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulze E.-D., Lloyd J., Kelliher F.M., Wirth C., Rebmann C., Lühker B., Mund M., Knohl A., Milyukova I.M., Schulze W., Ziegler W., Varlagin A.V., Sogachev A.F., Valentini R., Dore S., Grigoriev S., Kolle O., Panfyorov M.I., Tchebakova N., Vygodskaya N.N. Productivity of forests in the Eurosiberian boreal region and their potential to act as a carbonsink – a synthesis // Global Change Biology. 1999. Vol. 5. № 6. P. 703–722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulze E.-D., Vygodskaya N.N., Tchebakova N.M., Czimczik C.I., Kozlov D.N., Lloyd J., Mollicone D., Parfenova E., Sidorov K.N., Varlagin A.V., Wirth Ch. The Eurosiberian transect: An introduction to the experimental region // Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2002a. Vol. 54. № 5. P. 421–428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulze E.-D., Vygodskaya N.N., Tchebakova N.M., Czimczik C.I., Kozlov D.N., Lloyd J., Mollicone D., Parfenova E., Sidorov K.N., Varlagin A.V., Wirth Ch. The Eurosiberian transect: An introduction to the experimental region // Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2002a. Vol. 54. № 5. P. 421–428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zagirova S.V., Mikhailov O.A., Elsakov V.V. Carbon Dioxide and Water Exchange between Spruce Forest and Atmosphere in Spring–Summer under Different Weather Conditions // Contemporary Problems of Ecology. 2019b. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 45–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagirova S.V., Mikhailov O.A., Elsakov V.V. Carbon Dioxide and Water Exchange between Spruce Forest and Atmosphere in Spring–Summer under Different Weather Conditions // Contemporary Problems of Ecology. 2019b. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 45–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
