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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556623060079</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ECJKJF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2356</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СТОКА ВОЛГИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FORMATION OF THE VOLGA RIVER FLOW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сток Волги в эпохи глобального потепления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Volga River Water Runoff in Warm Epochs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиади</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgiadi</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">georgiadi@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милюкова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milyukova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>Гидроэкологические проблемы в бассейне Волги и их последствия для Каспия</issue-title><fpage>804</fpage><lpage>824</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Георгиади А.Г., Милюкова И.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиади А.Г., Милюкова И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgiadi A.G., Milyukova I.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2356">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2356</self-uri><abstract><p>Выявлены сходства и различия климатических условий (температуры воздуха и атмосферных осадков), годового и сезонного стока, а также гидрографов стока Волги у Волгограда в эпохи глобального потепления геологического прошлого, периода современного (начиная с 1981 г.) и сценарного глобального потепления в XXI в. Изменения стока геологического прошлого и сценарного будущего были оценены на основе модели месячного водного баланса, разработанной в Институте географии РАН, и уравнения среднего многолетнего водного баланса. В качестве климатических условий для оценки изменений стока использованы результаты традиционных и модельных палеоклиматических реконструкций и климатических сценариев глобального потепления в XXI в. Современные многолетние изменения стока Волги проанализированы на основе представлений о долговременных контрастных фазах. В результате проведенного анализа показано, что годовой сток Волги в условиях теплых эпох микулинского межледниковья и атлантического оптимума голоцена (если исходить из палеоклиматических реконструкций, основанных на ископаемой пыльце растений) был ниже современного. Тогда как согласно модельным палеоклиматическим реконструкциям теплых эпох голоцена, климатическим сценариям антропогенного потепления, а также в условиях современного глобального потепления годовой сток Волги оказывается выше, чем в базовый период. Выявлены значительные различия в изменениях сезонного распределения стока Волги между всеми рассмотренными теплыми эпохами. При этом изменения сезонного распределения при современном глобальном потеплении сходны с теми, что можно ожидать при сценарном потеплении в первой трети и в середине текущего столетия (за исключением стока половодья). Выявлена тесная корреляция между аномалиями изменений годовой температуры воздуха и годовой суммы атмосферных осадков во все рассмотренные теплые эпохи. В период инструментальных наблюдений долговременные фазы повышенного/пониженного стока Волги синхронны с соответствующими фазами индекса Северо-Атлантического колебания и периодами повышения и понижения годовых уровней Каспийского моря.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Similarities and differences in climatic conditions (air temperature and precipitation), annual and seasonal runoff, as well as hydrographs of the Volga River runoff near Volgograd in the epochs of global warming in the geological past, the period of modern warming (since 1981), and the scenario global warming in the 21st century are revealed. Changes in the runoff of the geological past and the scenario future were estimated on the basis of the monthly water balance model developed at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the equation of the average long-term water balance. The results of traditional and model paleoclimatic reconstructions and climate scenarios of global warming in the 21st century were used as climatic conditions for assessing changes in runoff. Modern long-term changes in the Volga River runoff are analyzed on the basis of ideas about long-lasting contrasting phases. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the annual Volga River runoff in the conditions of the warm epochs of the Mikulinsky interglacial and the Atlantic optimum of the Holocene (based on traditional paleoclimatic reconstructions) was lower than the modern one. Whereas, according to model paleoclimatic reconstructions of the warm epochs of the Holocene, climatic scenarios of anthropogenic warming, as well as in the conditions of modern global warming, the annual runoff of the Volga River is higher than in the base period. Significant differences in the changes in the seasonal distribution of the Volga River runoff between all the considered warm epochs were revealed. The different nature of these changes is characteristic of the warm epochs of the paleoepochs and in the conditions of scenario climatic changes in the 21st century. At the same time, changes in the seasonal distribution during modern global warming are similar to those that can be expected with scenario warming in the first third and middle of the current century (except snowmelt f lood runoff). A close correlation was revealed between the anomalies of changes in the annual air temperature and the annual amount of precipitation in all the considered warm epochs. During the period of instrumental observations, the long-term phases of the increased or decreased water runoff of the Volga River are synchronous with the corresponding phases of the index of the North Atlantic oscillation and the periods of increase and decrease in the annual levels of the Caspian Sea.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глобальное потепление</kwd><kwd>теплые геологические эпохи</kwd><kwd>сценарное потепление</kwd><kwd>изменения годового и сезонного стока</kwd><kwd>долговременные фазы</kwd><kwd>методы оценки изменений стока</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>global warming</kwd><kwd>warm geological epochs</kwd><kwd>scenario warming</kwd><kwd>changes in annual and seasonal runoff</kwd><kwd>long phases</kwd><kwd>methods for assessing runoff changes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН FMGE- 2019-0007 (АААА-А19-119021990093-8)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was prepared within the framework of the state-ordered research theme of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FMGE-2019-0007 (АААА-А19-119021990093-8)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреянов В.Г. 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