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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556623070130</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HEIVJL</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ГОРНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ОТВЕТ НА КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ И АНТРОПОГЕННЫЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSFORMATION OF MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT AND ITS ELEMENTS IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика горных ландшафтов Северного Кавказа при современном изменении климата и усилении антропогенного воздействия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of Mountain Landscapes of the North Caucasus under Modern Climate Change and Increased Anthropogenic Impact</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрушина</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrushina</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnpetrushina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуня</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gunya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.n.gunya@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбовский</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbovsky</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пуреховский</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Purehovsky</surname><given-names>A. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова;&#13;
Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University;&#13;
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title>Горы в условиях глобальных изменений</issue-title><fpage>1032</fpage><lpage>1049</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрушина М.Н., Гуня А.Н., Колбовский Е.Ю., Пуреховский А.Ж., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрушина М.Н., Гуня А.Н., Колбовский Е.Ю., Пуреховский А.Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrushina M.N., Gunya A.N., Kolbovsky E.Y., Purehovsky A.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2374">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2374</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты анализа многолетних полевых исследований и разновременных данных дистанционного зондирования динамики ландшафтов в высокогорных районах Северного Кавказа. На основе обработки данных Landsat Analysis Ready Data за 2000–2020 гг. и геоинформационного моделирования установлены площадные изменения нивально-гляциальных и горно-лесных ландшафтов. Отмечено сокращение площади снежно-ледниковых комплексов (в среднем на 20.6%) с наибольшим уменьшением на Восточном Кавказе (75.2%) и наименьшим на Центральном Кавказе (13.4%). Повторные комплексные описания на ключевых участках подтвердили установленные изменения, а также подъем границы горно-луговых ландшафтов и усложнение их пространственной структуры в перигляциальной зоне в результате климатических флуктуаций. Разнонаправленные тенденции динамики горно-лесных ландшафтов проявляются в ухудшении состояния, в том числе усыхании темнохвойных лесов и сокращении их площади на Западном Кавказе (бассейн р. Теберды), в подъеме границы и увеличении ареала светлохвойных лесов на Восточном Кавказе (Макажойская котловина), преимущественно за счет ослабления антропогенного воздействия. На Центральном Кавказе (Приэльбрусье) отмечено некоторое расширение лесов у верхней границы лесной зоны вдоль днищ речных долин и эрозионных форм, местами на склонах южных румбов, сокращение – в районах схода крупных лавин и селевых потоков, в том числе в результате прорыва приледниковых озер. Метахронность проявления экзогенных процессов и их пространственная неоднородность обусловили усложнение ландшафтной структуры зон их воздействия за счет сочетания элементарных ландшафтов, находящихся на разных стадиях своего развития. Усиление рекреационного воздействия на среднегорные и высокогорные ландшафты Западного и Центрального Кавказа привели к изменению пространственной структуры ландшафтов, особенно горно-лесных и субальпийских луговых, увеличению в них доли антропогенных комплексов, снижению биоразнообразия в наиболее ценных ландшафтах на территориях с охранным статусом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of the analysis of multi-year satellite images and long-term field studies of landscape dynamics in different high mountain regions of the North Caucasus are presented. Based on Landsat Analysis Ready Data processing for the 2000–2020 period and geoinformation modeling, the main changes in nival-glacial and forest landscapes have been established. A decrease in the area of snow-glacier complexes was noted (on average by 20.6%) with the largest decrease in the Eastern Caucasus (75.2%) and the smallest in the Central Caucasus (13.4%). Repeated complex descriptions in key areas confirmed the revealed changes, as well as the rise of the border of mountain-meadow landscapes and the heterogeneity of their spatial structure in the periglacial zone as a result of climatic f luctuations. Multidirectional trends in the dynamics of mountain-forest landscapes are manifested in the deterioration of the state, including the drying up of dark coniferous forests and the reduction in their area in the Western Caucasus (Teberda River basin), in the rise of the border and the increase in the area of light coniferous forests in the Eastern Caucasus (Makazhoy depression), mainly beyond due to the weakening in previous years of anthropogenic impact. In the Central Caucasus (Elbrus region), some expansion of forests was noted at the upper border of the forest belt along the bottom of river valleys, in some places on the slopes of the southern points, a decrease in areas of large avalanches and mudf lows, including as a result of outbursts of near-glacial lakes. The metachronism of the manifestation of exogenous processes and their spatial heterogeneity leads to the complication of the landscape structure of the zones of their influence due to the combination of elementary landscapes that are at different stages of restoration successions. The increased recreational impact on the mid-mountain and high-mountain landscapes of the Western and Central Caucasus caused the change in the spatial structure of landscapes, especially mountain-forest and subalpine meadows, a decrease in their biodiversity, and an increase in the proportion of anthropogenic complexes in the most valuable landscapes in protected areas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Северный Кавказ</kwd><kwd>нивально-гляциальные ландшафты</kwd><kwd>горно-лесные ландшафты</kwd><kwd>пространственная структура ландшафтов</kwd><kwd>динамика ландшафтов</kwd><kwd>климатические изменения</kwd><kwd>восстановительные сукцессии</kwd><kwd>рекреационное воздействие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>North Caucasus</kwd><kwd>nival-glacial landscapes</kwd><kwd>mountain-forest landscapes</kwd><kwd>spatial landscape structure</kwd><kwd>landscape dynamics</kwd><kwd>climatic changes</kwd><kwd>restorative succession</kwd><kwd>recreational impact</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках тем Государственного задания географического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова № 121051300176-1 “Факторы и процессы пространственно-временной организации природных и антропогенных ландшафтов”, № 121040100322-8 “Анализ региональных геоэкологических проблем в условиях глобальных изменений окружающей среды”, а также темы Государственного задания ИГ РАН “Оценка физико-географических, гидрологических и биотиче- ских изменений окружающей среды и их последствий для создания основ устойчивого природопользования” FMGE-2019-0007 (AAAA-A19-119021990093-8)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State tasks   of   the   MSU   Faculty   of   Geography no. 121051300176-1 “Factors and processes of spatio-tem- poral organization of natural and anthropogenic landscapes,” and no. 121040100322-8 “Analysis of regional geo- ecological problems in the context of global environmental changes” as well as the State task of the IG RAS “Assessment of physical, geographical, hydrological and biotic environmental changes and their consequences for creating the foundations of sustainable nature management” FMGE-2019-0007 (AAAA-A19-119021990093-8)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авессаломова И.А., Дьяконов К.Н., Иванов А.Н., Беляков А.И., Мамай И.И. 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