sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556623070075HEUABXsergeogr-2375Research ArticleТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ГОРНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ОТВЕТ НА КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ И АНТРОПОГЕННЫЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯTRANSFORMATION OF MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT AND ITS ELEMENTS IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTСток наносов в горах Кавказа и его тренды как отражение климатических изменений и антропогенного воздействияSediment Yield in the Caucasus Mountains and Its Trends as a Reflection of Climate Change and Anthropogenic ImpactГолосовВ. Н.GolosovV. N.

Географический факультет Московского Государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова

Москва, Казань

 

Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State University

Moscow, Kazan

gollossov@gmail.comЦыпленковА. С.TsyplenkovA. S.

Географический факультет 

Москва

Faculty of Geography

Moscow

Московский Государственный Университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Географический факультет; Институт Географии РАН; Казанский Федеральный университетРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Kazan Federal UniversityRussian FederationМосковский Государственный Университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202304022024877Горы в условиях глобальных изменений10501064Copyright © Голосов В.Н., Цыпленков А.С., 20242024Голосов В.Н., Цыпленков А.С.Golosov V.N., Tsyplenkov A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2375

Сток наносов горных рек является важной характеристикой, отражающей интенсивность денудации в различных высотных поясах, а также ее изменений. Кавказский регион, включающий Большой и Малый Кавказ, характеризуется значительной территориальной контрастностью, связанной с различиями в геологи-геоморфологическом строении, сейсмотектонической активности, климате, которые в совокупности определяют образ жизни местного населения и особенности антропогенного воздействия на ландшафты. В статье представлены результаты оценок современных темпов денудации региона, полученные на основе обработки базы данных о стоке взвешенных наносов рек по 194 постам с длительностью наблюдений свыше 10 лет. Для выявления влияния основных природно-антропогенных факторов на сток наносов рек использованы рассчитанные и опубликованные данные о пространственно распределенных показателях, характеризующих отдельные факторы или их сочетания. Проведена статистическая обработка зависимостей между отдельными показателями и стоком взвешенных наносов рек. Установлено, что средний для региона модуль стока наносов рек (SSY) составляет 446 т км–2 год–1. Максимальных значений (SSY > 1500 т км–2 год–1) он достигает на Восточном Кавказе, где в последние десятилетия он остается высоким и по ряду бассейнов продолжает расти. Для остальных частей Большого Кавказа выявлен тренд снижения стока наносов, обусловленный сокращением ледникового питания рек и, более локально, сокращением пастбищной нагрузки.

 

The sediment runoff of mountain rivers is an important characteristic that reflects the intensity of denudation in various altitudinal zones, as well as the spatial and temporal features of its changes. The Caucasus region, which includes the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, is characterized by significant territorial contrast associated with differences in the geological and geomorphological structure, seismo-tectonic activity, climate, which together determine the lifestyle of the local population and the features of anthropogenic impact on landscapes. The paper presents the results of estimates of the contemporary rates of denudation of the region, obtained on the basis of processing a database on the f low of suspended sediments of rivers at 194 gauge stations with a duration of observations of more than 10 years. To identify the influence of the main natural and anthropogenic factors on the sediment runoff of rivers, calculated and published data on spatially distributed indicators characterizing individual factors or their combinations were used. Statistical processing of dependencies between individual indicators and sediment runoff of rivers was carried out. It has been established that the mean suspended sediment yield (SSY) for the region is 446 t km–2 yr–1. It reaches its maximum values (SSY > 1500 t km–2 year–1) in the Eastern Caucasus, where it has remained high in recent decades and continues to grow in a number of river basins. For other parts of the Greater Caucasus, a trend of decreasing sediment runoff was revealed, due to a decrease in the glacial supply of rivers and, more locally, a decrease in the area of arable land in the mountains.

денудацияпространственно-временной анализвзвешенные наносыаккумуляция в водохранилищахвлекомые наносыперигляциальная зонаКавказdenudationspatiotemporal analysissuspended sedimentsreservoir sedimentationbedloadperiglacial zoneCaucasusИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддерж ке Российского Научного Фонда проект № 19-17-00181 (сбор данных, разделы Объект исследования, Методика, Результаты) и в рамках государственного задания НИЛЭПиРП географического факультета МГУ (проект № 121051100166-4) (раздел Обсуждение)The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation project no. 19-17-00181 (data collection, sections Object of Study, Methods, Results) and within the framework of the State task of the SLSE&ChP of the Geographical department of Moscow State University (project no. 121051100166-4) (section Discussion)ReferencesАбдуев М.А. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.