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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556623070142</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IFWZKN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2378</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОРНЫХ ПАСТБИЩНЫХ СИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES OF SUSTAINABLE LAND USE IN MOUNTAIN GRAZING SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Закономерности пастбищной деградации семиаридных горных экосистем Центрального Кавказа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the Grassland Degradation Stages in Highland Semiarid Ecosystems of the Central Caucasus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темботова</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tembotova</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чадаева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chadaeva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_chadayeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горобцова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorobtsova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшегусов</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshegusov</surname><given-names>R. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цепкова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsepkova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темботов</surname><given-names>К. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tembotov</surname><given-names>R. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханов</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanov</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гедгафова</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gedgafova</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жашуев</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhashuev</surname><given-names>A. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улигова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uligova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакунова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakunova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии горных территорий им. А.К. Темботова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title>Горы в условиях глобальных изменений</issue-title><fpage>1097</fpage><lpage>1112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Темботова Ф.А., Чадаева В.А., Горобцова О.Н., Пшегусов Р.Х., Цепкова Н.Л., Темботов К.Х., Ханов З.М., Гедгафова Ф.В., Жашуев А.Ж., Улигова Т.С., Хакунова Е.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Темботова Ф.А., Чадаева В.А., Горобцова О.Н., Пшегусов Р.Х., Цепкова Н.Л., Темботов К.Х., Ханов З.М., Гедгафова Ф.В., Жашуев А.Ж., Улигова Т.С., Хакунова Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tembotova F.A., Chadaeva V.A., Gorobtsova O.N., Pshegusov R.H., Tsepkova N.L., Tembotov R.H., Khanov Z.M., Gedgafova F.V., Zhashuev A.J., Uligova T.S., Khakunova E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2378">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2378</self-uri><abstract><p>Пастбищная деградация и эрозия почв являются проблемами для управления животноводством в горных семиаридных районах Центрального Кавказа. Субальпийские остепненные луга и горные луговые степи, расположенные на южных склонах Бокового хребта (1600–2100 м над ур. м.) с маломощными каменистыми почвами, испытывают дефицит влаги (менее 250 мм осадков летом) и подвержены аридизации на фоне климатических изменений. Перевыпас скота на присельских лугах также способствует ксерофитизации растительности. Исследования посвящены выявлению почвенных и растительных индикаторов стадий деградации семиаридных горных пастбищ и сравнительному анализу закономерностей динамики выявленных параметров с таковыми в равнинных экосистемах. Знание надежных и легко определяемых индикаторов и их пороговых значений для каждой стадии деградации пастбищ поможет землеустроителям принимать решения по устойчивому управлению в сфере животноводства. Выделены четыре стадии деградации пастбищ, основными индикаторами которых являются высота и общее проективное покрытие травостоя, индекс разнообразия Шеннона, содержание гумуса и влажность почвы. Высота и покрытие травостоя снижаются в дигрессионном ряду соответственно с 25.4 ± 3.2 до 3.6 ± 1.2 см и с 93 ± 5 до 41 ± 7%, влажность почвы сокращается на 58%. На основе выделенных параметров для каждой стадии рассчитаны значения интегрального индекса деградации. Определены показатели нормы выпаса, соблюдение которых позволит длительно поддерживать рабочее состояние пастбищ. Соотношение фактической и допустимой нагрузок на крайних третьей и четвертой стадиях деградации составило 189 и 23 раз. Общей закономерностью динамики семиаридных горных пастбищ является совмещение ареалов субальпийских остепненных лугов и горных луговых степей, распространение петрофитных кустарниковых сообществ. Тенденции данного процесса во многом совпадают с закономерностями деградации равнинных степных пастбищ Забайкалья, Прикаспия, Монголии и др. полузасушливых регионов, что позволяет использовать выявленные индикаторы при изучении семиаридных пастбищ равнинных территорий.</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Overgrazing, grassland degradation, and soil erosion are significant problems in mountain semiarid ecosystems of the Central Caucasus. Semiarid highland grasslands mainly occur on southern slopes with shallow soils covering a rocky impermeable layer. These ecosystems experience more drought than the grasslands on the northern slopes, and like other drylands, they are especially prone to climate change and desertification. Year-round overgrazing in rural semiarid pastures, as a result of the increase in livestock on private farms at the turn of the 20th and 21st century, also contributed to landscape xerophytization and soil erosion. The aim was to define vegetation and soil indicators for the stages of grassland degradation to help land managers make decisions on sustainable grassland management. We identified four stages of grassland degradation and calculated the integral degradation index for each stage. Main indicators of grassland degradation were grass height, vegetation coverage, Shannon index, humus content, and soil moisture. These parameters decreased significantly with each stage of grassland degradation. At the stage of extremely degraded grasslands, there was clear evidence of the spread of drier vegetation types to more mesic types with soil erosion and hydrological change. Regulation of stocking rates at each stage of grassland degradation is recommended to maintain and restore the highland semiarid ecosystems of the Central Caucasus.</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горные семиаридные экосистемы</kwd><kwd>равнинные степи</kwd><kwd>пастбищная деградация</kwd><kwd>модельные площадки</kwd><kwd>растительные и почвенные индикаторы</kwd><kwd>нормы выпаса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semiarid highland grasslands</kwd><kwd>grazing</kwd><kwd>rangeland assessment</kwd><kwd>vegetation and soil indicators</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания “Закономерности пространственно-временной динамики луговых и лесных экосистем в условиях горных территорий (российский Западный и Центральный Кавказ)”, проект № 075-00347-19-00</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the state assignment “Pat- terns of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meadow and For- est Ecosystems in Mountainous Areas (Russian Western and Central Caucasus),” no. 075-00347-19-00</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авессаломова И.А., Петрушина М.Н., Хорошев А.В. 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