<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556623080125</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XZIRFP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Территориальная организация общества</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Territorial Organization of Society</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Территориальная структура населения Нижегородской городской агломерации в 2019–2021 годах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spatial Structure of Nizhny Novgorod Urban Agglomeration in 2019–2021</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhaylov-aa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полян</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyan</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.polian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН;&#13;
Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Russian Academy for National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1163</fpage><lpage>1178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлов А.А., Полян П.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлов А.А., Полян П.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhaylov A.A., Polyan P.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2382">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2382</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена трансформациям, произошедшим в территориальной структуре населения Нижегородской агломерации в 2019–2021 гг. в течение пандемии коронавируса. Выявленные изменения анализируются в контексте двух концепций – городского социально-экономического сжатия (urban shrinkage) и территориальной шокоустойчивости (spatial resilience). Особое внимание уделено микроуровневым изменениям территориального распределения дневного и ночного населения, изученным на основе агрегированных анонимизированных данных сотовых операторов. Результаты работы позволяют расширить представления об устройстве городских агломераций как локальных систем расселения сквозь призму их потенциальной реакции на кризисные явления. Кроме того, работа может представлять интерес с точки зрения механизмов формирования внутренней территориальной шокоустойчивости крупных городских агломераций. Также одним из аспектов ее научной новизны стала делимитация Нижегородской агломерации методом оценки интегральной транспортной доступности. По итогам проведенного исследования постулируется, что территориальная структура населения Нижегородской агломерации показала сравнительно высокий уровень устойчивости к неблагоприятным последствиям пандемии коронавируса. Это объясняется комплексным характером ее устройства и потенциальной способностью к перераспределению негативных эффектов. Одной из ключевых реакций территориальной структуры как дневного, так и ночного населения стал рост ее микроуровневой поляризации. Особенно сильно она затронула общественно-деловые и смешанные зоны, а также крупные массивы селитебной застройки. Рост поляризации наблюдался в центральных зонах городов, и в том числе в ядре агломерации, соответствующем историческому центру Нижнего Новгорода. Появилась тенденция к дифференциации низкоплотных селитебных пригородных зон. На основании вышесказанного постулируется вывод, что произошедшие изменения в территориальной структуре населения можно назвать особой формой “агломерационного сжатия”, не сопровождающейся сокращением численности населения агломерации, но усиливающей внутренние территориальные диспропорции.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article sheds light to the transformations that took place in the spatial structure of the Nizhny Novgorod urban agglomeration in 2019–2021 during the coronavirus pandemic. The identified changes are analyzed in the context of two concepts: urban shrinkage and spatial resilience. Particular attention is paid to micro-level changes in the spatial distribution of the day and night population aggregated by anonymized data from cellular operators. According to the results, spatial structure of the Nizhny Novgorod urban agglomeration is characterized by a relatively high level of resilience to the negative effects of the pandemic, which can be explained by the complex nature of its structure as a system and the potential ability to redistribute negative effects. One of the key reactions of the spatial structure of both daytime and nighttime population was the significant increase in microlevel polarization. It has especially strongly affected public and business and mixed zones, as well as large housing estates. An increase in polarization was observed in the central zones of cities (including in the core of the urban agglomeration). There is a trend towards differentiation of low-density residential suburbs. As a result, it is postulated that the changes that have taken place in the urban spatial structure can be named a special form of “agglomerational shrinkage,” which is not accompanied by a decrease in the population of the agglomeration, but severely increases internal spatial disproportions.</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>территориальная структура</kwd><kwd>Нижегородская агломерация</kwd><kwd>пандемия коронавируса</kwd><kwd>шокоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>городское сжатие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urban spatial structure</kwd><kwd>Nizhny Novgorod urban agglomeration</kwd><kwd>coronavirus pandemic</kwd><kwd>spatial resilience</kwd><kwd>urban shrinkage</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН АААА-А19-119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state-ordered research theme of the Institute of Geography RAS АААА-А19-119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов Е.В. Городские агломерации: подходы к выделению и делимитации // Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право. 2020. Т. 13. № 1. С. 180–202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adedeji O.H., Odufuwa B.O., Adebayo O.H. Building capabilities for flood disaster and hazard preparedness and risk reduction in Nigeria: need for spatial planning and land management. J. Sustain. Dev. Afr., 2012, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 45–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов Е.В., Махрова А.Г. Крупнейшие городские агломерации и формы расселения надагломерационного уровня в России // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2019. № 4. С. 31–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov E.V. Urban agglomerations: approaches to allocation and delimitation. Kontury Glob. Transform.: Polit., Econ., Pravo, 2020, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 180–202. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батунова Е.Ю., Гунько М.С., Медведев А.А. Неуправляемое пространство: планирование и политика в условиях депопуляции в Ивановской области // Вестн. Санкт-Петербург. ун-та. Науки о Земле. 2021. Т. 66. № 3. С. 440–459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov E.V., Makhrova A.G. Largest urban agglomerations and super-agglomerations in Russia. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2019, no. 4, pp. 31–45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гунько М.С., Еременко Ю.А., Батунова Е.Ю. Стратегии планирования в условиях городского сжатия в России: исследование малых и средних городов //Мир России. Социология. Этнология. 2020. Т. 29. № 3. С. 121–141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartholomae F., Woon Nam C., Schoenberg A. Urban shrinkage and resurgence in Germany. Urban Stud., 2017, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 2701–2718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубаревич Н.В. Неравенство регионов и крупных городов России: что изменилось в 2010-е годы? // Общественные науки и современность. 2019. № 4. С. 57–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batunova E.Yu., Gunko M.S., Medvedev A.A. Mismanaged space: planning and policymaking in the context of depopulation in Ivanovskaya Oblast. Vestn. S.-Peterb. Univ. Nauki Zemle, 2021, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 440–459. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаппо Г.М. Города России. Взгляд географа. М.: Новый хронограф, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buhnik S. From shrinking cities to Toshi no Shukushō: Identifying patterns of urban shrinkage in the Osaka metropolitan area. Berkeley Plan. J., 2010, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 132–155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаппо Г.М., Полян П.М., Селиванова Т.А. Агломерации России в XXI веке // Вестн. Фонда регионального развития Иркутской области. 2007. Т. 1. С. 45–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpenter S., et al. From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what? Ecosyst., 2001, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 765–781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Махрова А.Г., Бабкин Р.А., Казаков Э.Э. Динамика дневного и ночного населения как индикатор структурно-функциональных изменений территории города в зоне влияния Московского центрального кольца с использованием данных операторов сотовой связи // Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право. 2020. Т. 13. № 1. С. 159–179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunningham-Sabot E., et al. Shrinking cities in France and Great Britain: A silent process. In The future of shrinking cities: Problems, patterns and strategies of urban transformation in a global context, 2009, pp. 17–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Махрова А.Г., Кириллов П.Л., Бочкарев А.Н. Методические подходы к изучению трудовой маятниковой миграции населения // Теоретические и методические подходы в экономической и социальной географии. 2019. С. 96–114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dovey K., Rao F., Pafka E. Agglomeration and assemblage: deterritorialising urban theory. Urban Stud., 2018, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 263–273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нефедова Т.Г. Поляризация пространства России: ареалы роста и “черные дыры” // Экономическая наука современной России. 2009. Т. 1. № 44. С. 62–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fol S. Urban shrinkage and socio-spatial disparities: are the remedies worse than the disease? Built Environ., 2012, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 259–275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нефедова Т.Г., Старикова А.В. Миграции населения как способ его адаптации к поляризации пространства в Центре России // Социологические исследования. 2020. № 10. С. 24–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill D., Ritchie L. Considering cumulative social effects of technological hazards and disasters. Am. Behav. Sci., 2020, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 1145–1161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полян П.М. Территориальные структуры – урбанизация – расселение. М.: Новый хронограф, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunko M.S., Eremenko Yu.A., Batunova E.Yu. Planning strategies in the context of urban shrinkage in Russia: evidence from small and medium-sized cities. Mir Rossii, 2020, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 121–141. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полян П.М., Заславский И.Н., Наймарк Н.И. Проблемы делимитации городских агломераций: сравнение и синтез ведущих методик // Проблемы территориальной организации пространства и расселения в урбанизированных районах. Свердловск, 1988. С. 26–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haase A., et al. Conceptualizing urban shrinkage. Environ. Plan. A, 2014, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1519–1534.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Райсих А.Э. Определение границ городских агломераций России: создание модели и результаты // Демографическое обозрение. 2020. Т. 7. № 2. С. 54–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haase A., et al. Varieties of shrinkage in European cities. Eur. Urban Reg. Stud., 2016, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 86–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adedeji O.H., Odufuwa B.O., Adebayo O.H. Building capabilities for flood disaster and hazard preparedness and risk reduction in Nigeria: need for spatial planning and land management // J. Sustainable Development in Africa. 2012. Vol. 14. № 1. P. 45–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hospers G.J. Urban shrinkage in the EU. In Shrinking Cities. Routledge, 2014, pp. 47–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartholomae F., Woon Nam C., Schoenberg A. Urban shrinkage and resurgence in Germany // Urban Studies. 2017. Vol. 54. № 12. P. 2701–2718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lappo G.M. Goroda Rossii: vzglyad geografa [Cities of Russia: Geographer’s View]. Мoscow: Novyi Khronograph Publ., 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buhnik S. From shrinking cities to Toshi no Shukushō: Identifying patterns of urban shrinkage in the Osaka metropolitan area // Berkeley Planning J. 2010. Vol. 23. № 1. P. 132–155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lappo G.M., Polyan P.M., Selivanova T.A. Agglomerations of Russia in the XXI century. Vestn. Fonda Reg. Razvit. Irkutsk. Obl., 2007, vol. 1, pp. 45–52. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpenter S., et al. From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what? // Ecosystems. 2001. Vol. 4. № 8. P. 765–781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma X., et al. Evaluation of urban spatial resilience and its influencing factors: case study of the Harbin–Changchun urban agglomeration in China. Sustain., 2022, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 2899–2920.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunningham-Sabot E., et al. Shrinking cities in France and Great Britain: A silent process // The future of shrinking cities: Problems, patterns and strategies of urban transformation in a global context. 2009. P. 17–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makhrova A.G., Babkin R.A., Kazakov E.E. The dynamics of day and night population as an indicator of structural and functional changes in the territory of the city in the zone of influence of the Moscow Central Ring using data from mobile operators. Kontury Glob. Transform.: Polit., Econ., Pravo, 2020, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 159–179. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dovey K., Rao F., Pafka E. Agglomeration and assemblage: Deterritorialising urban theory // Urban Studies. 2018. Vol. 55. № 2. P. 263–273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makhrova A.G., Kirillov P.N., Bochkarev A.N. Methodical approaches to the study of labor commuting. In Teoreticheskie i metodicheskie podkhody v ekonomicheskoi i sotsial’noi geografii [Theoretical and Methodological in Economic and Social Geography], 2019, pp. 96–114. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fol S. Urban shrinkage and socio-spatial disparities: are the remedies worse than the disease? // Built Environment. 2012. Vol. 38. № 2. P. 259–275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marek D., et al. Economic impacts of Covid-19 on the labor market and human capital. Terra Econ., 2020, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 78–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill D., Ritchie L. Considering cumulative social effects of technological hazards and disasters // American Behavioral Scientist. 2020. Vol. 64. № 8. P. 1145–1161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masnavi M.R., Gharai F., Hajibandeh M. Exploring urban resilience thinking for its application in urban planning: A review of literature. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2019, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 567–582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haase A., et al. Conceptualizing urban shrinkage // Environment and Planning A. 2014. Vol. 46. № 7. P. 1519– 1534.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meerow S., Newell J.P., Stults M. Defining urban resilience: A review. Landsc. Urban Plan., 2016, vol. 147, pp. 38–49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haase A., et al. Varieties of shrinkage in European cities // European Urban and Regional Studies. 2016. Vol. 23. № 1. P. 86–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nefedova T.G. Polarization of Russian space: areas of growth and “black holes”. Econ. Sovrem. Rossii, 2009, vol. 1, no. 44, pp. 62–77. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hospers G.J. Urban shrinkage in the EU // Shrinking Cities. Routledge. 2014. P. 47–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nefedova T.G., Starikova A.V. Migrations as a way of population adaptation to polarization of space at the Center of Russia. Sotsiolog. Issled., 2020, no. 10, pp. 24–38. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma X., et al. Evaluation of Urban Spatial Resilience and Its Influencing Factors: Case Study of the Harbin– Changchun Urban Agglomeration in China // Sustainability. 2022. Vol. 14. № 5. P. 2899–2920.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyan P.M. Territorial’nye struktury – urbanizatsiya – rasselenie [Territorial Structures – Urbanization – Settlement System]. Мoscow: Novyi Khronograf Publ., 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marek D., et al. Economic impacts of Covid-19 on the labor market and human capital // Terra Economicus. 2020. Vol. 18. № 4. P. 78–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyan P.M., Zaslavskii I.N., Naymark N.I. Problem of delimitation of urban agglomerations: comparison and synthesis of leading methods. In Problemy territorial’noi organizatsii prostranstva i rasseleniya v urbanizirovannykh raionakh [Problems of Territorial Organization of Space and Settlement in Urbanized Areas]. Sverdlovsk, 1988, pp. 26–40. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masnavi M.R., Gharai F., Hajibandeh M. Exploring urban resilience thinking for its application in urban planning: A review of literature // Int. J. Environmental Science and Technology. 2019. Vol. 16. № 1. P. 567–582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raisikh A.E. Defining the boundaries of urban agglomerations in Russia: model creation and results. Demogr. Obozr., 2020, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 54–96. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meerow S., Newell J.P., Stults M. Defining urban resilience: A review // Landscape And Urban Planning. 2016. Vol. 147. P. 38–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shetty S., Reid N. Global challenges and local responses: creating a new urban world in the shrinking cities of the US industrial Midwest. Reg. Sci. Policy Pract., 2013, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 201–217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shetty S., Reid N. Global challenges and local responses: Creating a new urban world in the shrinking cities of the US industrial midwest // Reg. Science Policy &amp; Practice. 2013. Vol. 5. № 2. P. 201–217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taşan-Kok T., Stead D., Lu P. Conceptual overview of resilience: history and context. In Resilience thinking in urban planning. Istanbul, 2013, pp. 39–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taşan-Kok T., Stead D., Lu P. Conceptual overview of resilience: History and context // Resilience thinking in urban planning. Istanbul, 2013. P. 39–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yi C., Jackson N. A review of measuring ecosystem resilience to disturbance. Environ. Res. Lett., 2021, vol. 16, no. 5, article 053008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yi C., Jackson N. A review of measuring ecosystem resilience to disturbance // Environmental Research Lett. 2021. Vol. 16. № 5. Art. 053008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubarevich N.V. Inequality of regions and large cities of Russia: what was changed in the 2010s. Obshchestv. Nauki Sovrem., 2019, no. 4, pp. 57–70. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
