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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624010063</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GLJHBH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2623</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эволюция природных систем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Evolution of Natural System</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реконструкции палеопожаров в бассейне верхнего Дона в позднем голоцене</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reconstructions of Paleofires in the Upper Don Basin in the Late HoloceneReconstructions of Paleofires in the Upper Don Basin in the Late Holocene</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tula</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">convallaria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tula</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tula</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурная</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новенко</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novenko</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии РАН, лаборатория контекстуальной антропологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Laboratory of Contextual Anthropology, Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный университет, кафедра биологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Biology, Tula State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, географический факультет, кафедра физической географии и ландшафтоведения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Physical Geography and Landscape Science, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН, отдел палеогеографии четвертичного периода; НИУ ВШЭ, факультет географии и геоинформационных технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Quaternary Paleogeography, Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Technologies, HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куприянов Д.А., Волкова Е.М., Миронов В.В., Леонова О.А., Чепурная А.А., Новенко Е.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куприянов Д.А., Волкова Е.М., Миронов В.В., Леонова О.А., Чепурная А.А., Новенко Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kupriyanov D.A., Volkova E.M., Mironov V.V., Leonova O.A., Chepurnaya A.A., Novenko E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2623">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2623</self-uri><abstract><p>Реконструкция частоты пожаров на территории музея-заповедника “Куликово поле” (бассейн Верхнего Дона, Среднерусская возвышенность) за последние 4000 лет выполнена на основе палеоантракологического анализа (изучения содержания макроскопических частиц угля с линейным размером более 100 мкм) в торфяных отложениях Подкосьмовского болота, которому в 2013 г. присвоен статус особо охраняемой природной территории (ООПТ). В статье проведено сопоставление полученных результатов с количественными реконструкциями лесистости и изменениями растительности региона, выполненными ранее для этой территории с использованием палинологических данных и археологических материалов. Результаты исследования показали низкую пожарную активность на территории Куликова поля в интервале между 4000 и 1500 кал. (калиброванных) л. н. Согласно результатам палинологического анализа торфяной залежи болота, в этот период изучаемая территория принадлежала к зоне лесостепи. Мозаичный растительный покров включал в себя участки широколиственно-сосновых лесов, пойменные ольшатники и луговые степи на сухих склонах. Лесистость территории составляла 30–40% и к временному рубежу около 2700 кал. л. н. в условиях увлажнения климата и длительного межпожарного интервала достигала 45%. Начиная с 1500 кал. л. н., поступление макроскопических частиц угля в торфяную залежь Подкосьмоского болота начало постепенно возрастать. Наибольшая частота пожаров и высокие значения скорости аккумуляции макрочастиц угля в торфе выявлены для периода 900–300 кал. л. н. Взаимосвязь между периодами увеличения поступления частиц угля в торфяную залежь и климатическими изменениями в течение последнего тысячелетия не установлена, однако выявлено четкое совпадение между интервалом повышенного накопления угля в торфе и этапами активизации освоения региона, подтвержденными многочисленными археологическими находками на древнерусских памятниках. Уменьшение лесистости в районе исследований до 15–20% в тот же период и обилие пыльцы антропогенных индикаторов в спорово-пыльцевых спектрах свидетельствуют о возрастании воздействия хозяйственной деятельности человека на растительный покров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Reconstruction of the fire frequency in the area of the Kulikovo Battlefield Museum Reserve (Upper Don Basin, Central Russian Upland) over the last 4000 years was carried out on the basis of macrocharcoal analysis (study of macroscopic charcoal particles with a linear size greater than 100 μm) of the peat core from the Podkosmovsky bog, which received the status of a specially protected natural area in 2013. The results of macroscopic charcoal analysis were compared with published quantitative reconstructions of forest cover and vegetation dynamics in the region, palynological data and archaeological material. The results of the study showed low fire activity in the area of the Kulikovo Battlefield between 4000 and 1500 cal (calibrated) years BP. According to the results of pollen analysis, the study area belonged to the forest-steppe vegetation zone during this period. The mosaic of plant cover included patches of deciduous pine forests, floodplain alder forests and grassland steppes on dry slopes. The forest cover of the area was 30–40% and reached 45% at about 2700 cal years BP, when the climate cooled and humidity increased. From 1500 cal years BP, the rate of charcoal accumulation in the peat deposit of the Podkosmosky bog gradually increased. The highest frequency of forest fires and the highest charcoal accumulation rates in peat were found for the period 900–300 cal years BP. The relationship between the periods of increased charcoal influx and climatic changes in the Late Holocene has not been established, but there is a clear correspondence between the interval of increased charcoal accumulation in peat and the stages of human activity in the region, confirmed by numerous archaeological finds. The decrease in forest cover in the study area to 15–20% over the same period and the abundance of anthropogenic pollen indicators in the pollen assemblages indicate an increase in human impact on the vegetation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>торфяная залежь</kwd><kwd>межпожарный интервал</kwd><kwd>макроуголь</kwd><kwd>палеоантракологический анализ</kwd><kwd>лесистость</kwd><kwd>ботанический анализ торфа</kwd><kwd>спорово-пыльцевой анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peat deposit</kwd><kwd>fire return interval</kwd><kwd>macroscopic charcoal</kwd><kwd>paleoantracological analysis</kwd><kwd>forest coverage</kwd><kwd>analysis of plant macro remains</kwd><kwd>pollen analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Полевые работы и анализ макроскопических частиц угля в торфе выполнены при поддержке проектов РФФИ № 20-55-04003 и БРФФИ № Х21PM-043. Анализ данных и подготовка публикации выполнены в рамках государственного задания Института географии РАН FMWS2024-0005.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Field work and analysis of macroscopic charcoal particles in peat were supported by RFBR, project no. 20-55-04003 and BRFBR project no. Х21PM-043. Data analysis and paper preparation were supported by the State assignment no. FMWS-2024-0005.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александровский А.Л., Чендев Ю.Г., Трубицын М.А. Палеопочвенные индикаторы изменчивости экологических условий центральной лесостепи в позднем голоцене // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2011. № 6. 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