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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624020067</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DSWHJS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2722</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EVOLUTION OF NATURAL SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Строение и свойства палеопочв позднего плейстоцена лёссово-почвенного разреза Оби-Мазар (Таджикистан)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structures and Properties of the Late Pleistocene Paleosols of the Loess-Soil Section of Obi-Mazar (Tajikistan)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokareva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва; Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow; Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tokareva1406@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_verba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сосин</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosin</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosin.paleosol@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашурмадов</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashurmadov</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muhammad.islomov.2017@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанов</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва; Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow; Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roger.kurbanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт географии РАН; Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography RAS; Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФИЦ “Почвенный институт имени В.В. Докучаева”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FRC V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт водных проблем, гидроэнергетики и экологии НАНТ<country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology NAST<country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт истории, археологии и этнографии НАНТ<country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of NAST<country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт географии РАН; Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН; Географический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography RAS; Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS; Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Токарева О.А., Лебедева М.П., Сосин П.М., Ашурмадов И.К., Курбанов Р.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Токарева О.А., Лебедева М.П., Сосин П.М., Ашурмадов И.К., Курбанов Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tokareva O.A., Lebedeva M.P., Sosin P.M., Ashurmadov I.K., Kurbanov R.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2722">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2722</self-uri><abstract><p>Лёссово-почвенные серии Центральной Азии охватывают историю субаэрального осадконакопления последних 2—2.5 млн лет. Значительные мощности, большое количество палеопочв, внушительные хронологические рамки ставят лёссово-почвенные серии Афгано-Таджикской депрессии в один ряд со знаменитыми разрезами Лёссового плато Китая. Изучение наиболее значимых разрезов, расположенных в пределах лёссового плато Ховалинг, позволяют разработать региональную хроностратиграфическую схему, исследовать строение и условия формирования главных стратиграфических реперов — погребенных палеопочв. Настоящая работа посвящена уточнению особенностей строения лёссов и палеопочв позднего плейстоцена в одном из разрезов плато Ховалинг — Оби-Мазар. По результатам стратиграфического расчленения, описания макро- и микроморфологического строения, анализа магнитной восприимчивости, изучения химического и гранулометрического состава проведена комплексная характеристика строения, свойств и установлены наиболее вероятные условия формирования палеопочв и лёссов. В позднеплейстоценовой части разреза выделяются два лёссовых слоя и один педокомплекс PC1 c тремя спаянными палеопочвами, состоящими в общей сложности из 7 горизонтов. Все слои изученного разреза характеризуются высокой пылеватостью, окарбоначенностью и наличием признаков педогенеза. Имеющиеся данные указывают на наличие слаборазвитой палеопочвы МИС 3 в верхнем слое лёсса. Развитый педокомплекс PC1 Оби-Мазара по стратиграфическому положению, особенностям строения, данным магнитной восприимчивости относится к стадии МИС 5. По предварительным данным его формирование происходило в семигумидных и гумидных условиях под лесной растительностью, что способствовало биогенной сегрегации Fe-Mn соединений, а также внутри- и межгоризонтному перераспределению карбонатов за счет диагенетических процессов. Однако к концу последнего межледниковья происходила постепенная аридизация, из-за чего верхняя палеопочва наименее развита.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The loess-soil series of Central Asia cover the history of subaerial sedimentation of the last 2-2.5 mln years. Significant thicknesses, a large number of paleosols, and an impressive chronology place the loesssoil series of the Afghan-Tajik depression on a par with the famous sections of the Loess Plateau of China. The study of the most significant sections located within the Khovaling Loess Plateau makes it possible to develop a regional chronostratigraphic chart, to study the structure and conditions of formation of the main stratigraphic benchmarks-buried paleosols. The present study is devoted to the clarification of the structural features of loess and paleosols of the Late Pleistocene in one of the sections of the Khovaling-Obi-Mazar Plateau. Based on the results of stratigraphic dissection, description of the macro- and mi-cromorphological structure, magnetic susceptibility analysis, study of the chemical and granulometric composition, a comprehensive description of the structure and properties was carried out and the most probable conditions for the formation of paleosols and loess were established. In the Late Pleistocene part of the section, two loess layers and a pedocomplex PC1 with three welded paleosols, consisting of a total of 7 horizons, are distinguished. The deposits are characterized by high silt content, carbon content, and the presence of signs of pedogenesis and biological activity in all layers of the studied section. Available data indicate the presence of a poorly developed MIS 3 paleosol in the upper loess layer. The developed pedocomplex PC1 of Obi-Mazar, according to its stratigraphic position, structural features, and magnetic susceptibility data, belongs to the MIS 5. According to preliminary data, its formation occurred in semi-humid and humid conditions under forest vegetation, which contributed to the biogenic segregation of Fe-Mn compounds, as well as intra- and interhorizon redistribution of carbonates due to diagenetic processes. Towards the end of the Last Interglacial, gradual aridization occurred, due to which the upper paleosol to be the least developed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Таджикистан</kwd><kwd>Лёссовое плато Ховалинг</kwd><kwd>педокомплекс</kwd><kwd>микроморфология</kwd><kwd>гранулометрический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Tajikistan</kwd><kwd>Khovaling Loess Plateau</kwd><kwd>pedocomplex</kwd><kwd>micromorphology</kwd><kwd>grain size analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при поддержке РНФ (проект № 22-18-00568). Работы П.М. Сосина и И.К. Ашурмадова были поддержаны проектом NordForsk THOCA (105204).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 22-18-00568). Works by P.M. Sosin and I.K. Ashurmadov were supported by the NordForsk THOCA project (105204).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Валиахмедов В. Куколочные камеры почвообитающих беспозвоночных в сероземах Таджикистана и влияние их на формирование почвенного профиля // Почвоведение. 1977. № 4. С. 85—91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becze-Deàk J., Langohr R., Verrecchia E.P. Small scale secondary CaCO3 accumulations in selected sections of the European loess belt. Morphological forms and potential for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. 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