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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624030011</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SPCWFT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2776</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАНДШАФТЫ И ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕНЯЮЩЕГОСЯ КЛИМАТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LANDSCAPES AND ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геоэкологические проблемы в контексте климатических изменений: теоретический анализ и региональные проявления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geoecological Problems in the Context of Climate Change: Theoretical Analysis and Regional Manifestations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-medvedkov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова ; Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University ; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Геоэкологические последствия климатических изменений: основные проблемы и возможности адаптации</issue-title><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>280</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведков А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2776">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2776</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена роль климатических изменений и адаптационных мероприятий в формировании геоэкологических проблем, которые по происхождению разделены на следующие группы: 1) вызванные климатогенной динамикой малонарушенных ландшафтов и трансформацией их экосистемных функций (эти последствия показаны на примере таежных ландшафтов южной криолитозоны) или спровоцированные негативным влиянием климатических изменений на природно-антропогенные процессы и геотехнические системы (эти эффекты описаны на примере перигляциальных геосистем, нарушенных горной добычей); 2) обусловленные антропогенной трансформацией ландшафтов и ее последствиями в форме изменения структуры теплового баланса земной поверхности и влагооборота в приземной атмосфере, что проявляется в учащении тепловых стрессов, засух, наводнений и др. стихийных бедствий; 3) порожденные принятием срочных мер по борьбе с изменениями климата и создающие риски для благоприятного состояния окружающей среды. Эта проблематика показана на примере замещения наиболее значимых для регулирования климата влажных тропических лесов плантациями масличной пальмы и соевых бобов, производящих сырье для биотоплива. В контексте рассмотрения средообразующей роли живого вещества охарактеризована модель географической организации биосферы, проанализировано значение ее зонально-функциональных типов для сравнительной оценки уязвимости территорий к изменениям климата. Показано, что представляющие их современные ландшафты, различающиеся по потенциалу тепло- и влагообмена, являются важной частью климатической системы Земли. Проанализированы результаты обработки тепловых инфракрасных снимков для сравнительной оценки гомеостатической функции лесных ландшафтов – важнейших регуляторов теплового баланса земной поверхности. Показана возможность использования приповерхностных температур, полученных по результатам обработки тепловых инфракрасных снимков, для идентификации ландшафтов с разными типами экологических функций в условиях бореальной криолитозоны. Обосновано индикационное значение потоков явного тепла, усиливающих потепление климата из-за продолжающейся абиотизации суши в форме прогрессирующего обезлесения, опустынивания и воздействия техногенной инфраструктуры. Обсуждаются масштабы атмосферно-экологического влияния опустыненных земель на соседние территории в условиях изменения атмосферной циркуляции. Сформулированы концептуальные основы адаптации к изменениям климата, заключающиеся в реализации мероприятий по озеленению и обводнению ландшафтов суши, восстановлению наземной фитомассы и экологической оптимизации земельного фонда стран и территорий на основе максимального учета природной структуры зональных ландшафтов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The role of climatic changes and adaptation measures in the formation of geo-ecological problems is considered, which are divided into the following groups by origin: (1) caused by climatogenic dynamics of intact landscapes and transformation of their ecosystem functions (these effects are shown on the example of taiga landscapes of the southern cryolithozone) or provoked by the negative impact of climatic changes on natural-anthropogenic processes and geotechnical systems (these effects are described on the example of periglacial geosystems disturbed by mining); (2) caused by anthropogenic transformation of landscapes and its consequences in the form of changes in the structure of the thermal balance of the Earth’ surface and moisture turnover in the surface atmosphere, which is manifested in the increase of thermal stress, droughts, floods, etc. natural disasters; 3) Caused by the adoption of urgent measures to combat climate change and creating risks to the favorable state of the environment. This issue is illustrated by the example of replacing the most important for climate regulation tropical rainforests with oil palm and soya bean plantations producing biofuel feedstock. In the context of consideration of the environment-forming role of living matter, the model of geographical organization of the biosphere is characterized, and the significance of its zonal-functional types for comparative assessment of the vulnerability of territories to climate change is analyzed. It is shown that modern landscapes representing them, differing in their heat and moisture exchange potential, are an important part of the Earth’s climatic system. The results of processing thermal infrared images for comparative assessment of homeostatic function of forest landscapes–the most important regulators of the Earth surface heat balance–are analyzed. The possibility of using near-surface temperatures obtained from the results of thermal infrared imagery processing for identification of landscapes with different types of ecological functions in the boreal cryolithozone conditions is shown. The indicative value of apparent heat fluxes that increase climate warming due to ongoing abiotisation of land in the form of progressive deforestation, desertification and impact of anthropogenic infrastructure is substantiated. The scales of atmospheric-ecological impact of deserted lands on neighboring territories under the conditions of atmospheric circulation changes are discussed. The conceptual basis of adaptation to climate change is formulated, which consists in the implementation of measures on greening and watering of land landscapes, restoration of terrestrial phytomass and ecological optimisation of the land fund of countries and territories on the basis of maximum consideration of the natural structure of zonal landscapes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биосфера</kwd><kwd>современные ландшафты</kwd><kwd>последствия климатических изменений</kwd><kwd>борьба с изменениями климата</kwd><kwd>экологические функции растительности</kwd><kwd>турбулентное тепло</kwd><kwd>отклик ландшафтов</kwd><kwd>оценки состояния ландшафтов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biosphere</kwd><kwd>modern landscapes</kwd><kwd>consequences of climate change</kwd><kwd>combating climate change</kwd><kwd>ecological functions of vegetation</kwd><kwd>turbulent heat</kwd><kwd>response of landscapes</kwd><kwd>assessments of landscape conditions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Анализ эколого-климатических последствий освоения ландшафтов и обзор геоэкологических проблем, обусловленных борьбой с изменениями климата, выполнены в рамках темы Государственного задания Института географии РАН № АААА-А19-119021990093-8. Сравнительная оценка гомеостатической функции таежных ландшафтов в криолитозоне и анализ реакции условно-коренных геосистем на климатические изменения выполнены за счет гранта РНФ № 21-77-00048.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The analysis of the ecological and climatic consequences of landscape development and a review of geo-ecological problems caused by the fight against climate change were carried out within the framework of the theme of the State Assignment of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences: FMWS-2024-0007 (1021051703468-8). Comparative assessment of the homeostatic function of taiga landscapes in the cryolithozone and analysis of the response of conditionally rooted geosystems to climate change were carried out under the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-77-00048).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананичева М.Д., Литвиненко Т.В., Филиппова В.В. Изменение климата в Республике Саха (Якутия) и его влияние на население: инструментальные измерения и наблюдения местных жителей // Географическая среда и живые системы. 2021. № 3. С. 6–21. https://doi.org/10.18384/2712-7621-2021-3-6-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ACIA. Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. ACIA Overview report. CUP, 2004. 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