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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624030045</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SOLEKE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2779</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАНДШАФТЫ И ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕНЯЮЩЕГОСЯ КЛИМАТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LANDSCAPES AND ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геоинформационное моделирование озерных термокарстовых ландшафтов Большеземельской тундры для прогноза их развития в условиях климатических изменений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geoinformation Modeling of Lake Thermokarst Landscapes of the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra to Predict Their Development under Climate Changes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенгина</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zengina</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tzengina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осадчая</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osadchaya</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ухта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ukhta</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galgriosa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bv2000rus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ухтинский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ukhta State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Геоэкологические последствия климатических изменений: основные проблемы и возможности адаптации</issue-title><fpage>306</fpage><lpage>320</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зенгина Т.Ю., Осадчая Г.Г., Баранов В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зенгина Т.Ю., Осадчая Г.Г., Баранов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zengina T.Y., Osadchaya G.G., Baranov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2779">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2779</self-uri><abstract><p>На примере Большеземельской тундры рассмотрен опыт прогнозного моделирования термокарстовых проявлений к 2040 г., основанный на платформе Biomod2 и методах ансамблевого моделирования с использованием в качестве входных шести биоклиматических переменных WorldClim, ЦМР SRTM и набора данных о распределении термокарстовых ландшафтов циркумполярной криолитозоны проекта Arctic Circumpolar Distribution and Soil Carbon of Thermokarst Landscapes. Обоснован выбор наиболее значимых для развития термокарста биоклиматических параметров моделирования, предложен алгоритм предподготовки исходных данных. На основе четырех встроенных в Biomod2 алгоритмов проведено ансамблевое моделирование и использован алгоритм SRC. Результаты визуализированы в двух картах. Первая оценивает вероятность образования термокарстовых озерных ландшафтов к 2040 г. Вторая отображает возможную направленность процесса с выделением четырех типов территорий (1 – термокарстовых озер нет и не будет в 2040 г.; 2 – состояние озерных термокарстовых ландшафтов не изменится; 3 – образование озер активизируется; 4 – дренирование и высыхание озер). Анализ карт показал, что частично зона вероятной активизации термокарстовых процессов в 2040 г. сместится к северу и останется наиболее высокой для азональных приморских ландшафтов и вдоль нижнего течения р. Печоры. Направленность развития термокарстовых озерных ландшафтов на севере зоны современного сплошного распространения мерзлоты значительно не изменится, однако на юге этой зоны выделяются территории, где термокарстовые озера будут дренированы и превратятся в хасыреи, что приведет к промерзанию приповерхностного талого слоя, формированию слоистой мерзлоты и, несмотря на тренд климатического потепления, увеличению площади мерзлоты. Прогнозируемое появление области активизации термокарста в подзоне островного распространения многолетнемерзлых пород севернее Инты не согласуется с современной геокриологической ситуацией, что очевидно связано с недоучетом геокриологических особенностей региона авторами проекта “Arctic Circumpolar Distribution and Soil Carbon of Thermokarst Landscapes.”</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using the Bolshezemelskaya tundra as an example, the experience of predictive modeling of thermokarst manifestations until 2040 is considered. The Biomod2 platform and ensemble modeling methods were used. Six WorldClim bioclimatic variables, the SRTM DEM, and a dataset on the distribution of thermokarst landscapes in the circumpolar permafrost zone from the project “Arctic Circumpolar Distribution and Soil Carbon of Thermokarst Landscapes” were used as input. The selection of the most important bioclimatic modeling parameters for the development of thermokarst is justified, and an algorithm for the pre-processing of initial raster and vector data is proposed. On the basis of four of the algorithms included in the Biomod2 platform, an ensemble modeling was carried out and the SRC algorithm was used. The results are visualized in two maps. The first map evaluates the probability of lake formation until 2040. The second map reflects the possible direction of the process with the assignment of 4 types of areas (1, there are no thermokarst lakes and will not be in 2040; 2, the state of lacustrine thermokarst landscapes will not change; 3, the formation of lakes will intensify; 4, lakes will drain and dry up). Analysis of the maps showed that a part of the zone of probable activation of thermokarst processes in 2040 will shift to the north and will remain highest for azonal coastal landscapes and along the lower course of the Pechora River. The direction of development of thermokarst lake landscapes in the north of the zone of modern continuous permafrost will not change significantly, however, in the south of this zone there are areas where thermokarst lakes will drain and turn into khasyreyes, which will lead to freezing of the near–surface thawed layer, formation of layered permafrost, and despite the trend of climate warming will lead to an increase in the area of permafrost. The predicted appearance of an area of activation of thermokarst manifestations in the subzone of sporadic permafrost north of the city of Inta is not consistent with the modern geocryological situation, which is obviously due to the underestimation of the geocryological features of the region by the authors of the project “Arctic Circumpolar Distribution and Soil Carbon of Thermokarst Landscapes.”</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Большеземельская тундра</kwd><kwd>озерные термокарстовые ландшафты</kwd><kwd>климатические изменения</kwd><kwd>прогнозное моделирование</kwd><kwd>ансамблевые методы машинного обучения</kwd><kwd>нефтяные и газоконденсатные месторождения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bolshezemelskaya tundra</kwd><kwd>thermokarst landscapes</kwd><kwd>climate changes</kwd><kwd>predictive modeling</kwd><kwd>ensemble methods of machine learning</kwd><kwd>oil and gas condensate fields</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы НИР по Государственному заданию географического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова №121051100162-6 и Программы развития Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова “Будущее планеты и глобальные изменения окружающей среды”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University no. 121051100162-6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Викторов А.С., Капралова В.Н., Архипова М.В. Моделирование развития морфологической структуры эрозионно-термокарстовых равнин с использованием материалов дистанционных съемок // Исследование земли из космоса. 2019. № 2. С. 55–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown J., Brown J., Ferrians O.J., Hegginbottom J.A., Melnikov E.S. Circum-Arctic map of permafrost and ground-ice conditions. Map CP-45. 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