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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624030075</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SOFGKD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2782</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОМЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ И ОКРУЖАЮЩАЯ СРЕДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS AND THE ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наблюдаемые и ожидаемые изменения климата на Восточно-Европейской равнине и их влияние на речной сток (на примере Дона)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observed and Expected Climate Changes on the East European Plain and Their Influence on River Flow (Case Study of the Don River)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черенкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cherenkova@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиади</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgiadi</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотокрылин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotokrylin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашутина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashutina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН ; Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences ; Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Геоэкологические последствия климатических изменений: основные проблемы и возможности адаптации</issue-title><fpage>349</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черенкова Е.А., Георгиади А.Г., Золотокрылин А.Н., Кашутина Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черенкова Е.А., Георгиади А.Г., Золотокрылин А.Н., Кашутина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherenkova E.A., Georgiadi A.G., Zolotokrylin A.N., Kashutina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2782">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2782</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуются современные изменения климата на Восточно-Европейской равнине, а также реакция на них речного стока Дона. Значительное потепление в среднем на 1.8°C зимой на равнине в период 1991–2020 гг. по сравнению с 1961–1990 гг. привело к увеличению числа дней с положительной температурой воздуха. Наблюдалось увеличение количества осенне-зимних атмосферных осадков, а также доли жидких осадков в зимний сезон с существенным их ростом на западе и в центре. В бассейне Дона в тот же период отмечалось наибольшее по сравнению с остальными сезонами потепление зимой на 1.6°C и слабо выраженное увеличение количества осадков во все сезоны, кроме лета. Заметное внутригодовое перераспределение стока Дона с 1990-х годов по сравнению с 1961–1990 гг. изменило соотношение меженного стока и стока половодья. Значимый рост стока отмечался во все месяцы года, кроме апреля и мая, в апреле он существенно снизился. Наибольшее увеличение стока на 55.7% наблюдалось в январе. Показано, что почти половина многолетней изменчивости стока Дона в январе происходила за счет оттепелей, а около 20% было обусловлено изменениями осадков в осенне-зимний период. Роль оттепелей в формировании зимнего стока, повторяемость которых увеличилась в 2.6 раза за последние тридцать лет возросла, а влияние суммарных осадков, наоборот, снизилось. Проекции климатических моделей в XXI в. предполагают постепенное расширение на северо-восток Восточно-Европейской равнины границ территории проявления зимних оттепелей, сопровождающихся интенсивным снеготаянием, увеличением речного стока зимой и снижением половодья. По сценариям умеренного и агрессивного антропогенного воздействия на климат в период 2061–2100 гг., границы могут сместиться не только в северо-западную часть бассейна Волги, но и в бассейны рек Европейского севера России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines modern climate change over the East European Plain, and the response of river runoff to them in the Don basin. A significant warming of 1.8°C on average in winter at the level during the 1991–2020 period compared to 1961–1990 led to an increase in the number of days with positive air temperatures. There was an increase in the amount of total precipitation in autumn and winter, as well as the share of liquid precipitation in the winter season, with the greatest increase in the west and center of the study area. In the Don basin during the same period, the greatest warming in winter by 1.6°C was observed compared to other seasons and a slight increase in precipitation in all seasons except summer. There has been a noticeable intra-annual redistribution of the Don runoff since the 1990s compared to 1961–1990, which has changed the ratio of low-water vs high-water runoff. A significant increase in runoff was observed in all months of the year except April and May; in April it decreased significantly. The largest increase in runoff by 55.7% was observed in January. It was showed that almost half of the variations in Don runoff in January were due to thaws, and about 20% of its variability was due to changes in precipitation in autumn and winter, including liquid precipitation in December. The contribution of thaws in the formation of winter runoff, the frequency of which has increased 2.6 times over the past thirty years compared to the previous period, has doubled, and the influence of total precipitation, on the contrary, has decreased. Projections of climate models in the 21st century suggest a gradual advance of the border of the observation area of winter thaws to the northeast of the plain, leading to active snowmelt, an increase in river flow in winter and a decrease in floods. According to scenarios of moderate and aggressive anthropogenic impact on climate in the period 2061–2100, the designated boundaries may shift not only to the northwestern part of the Volga basin, but to the river basins of the European north of Russia as well.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глобальное потепление</kwd><kwd>температура воздуха</kwd><kwd>атмосферные осадки</kwd><kwd>речной сток</kwd><kwd>оттепели</kwd><kwd>климатические модели</kwd><kwd>Восточно-Европейская равнина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>global warming</kwd><kwd>air temperature</kwd><kwd>precipitation</kwd><kwd>river runoff</kwd><kwd>thaws</kwd><kwd>climate models</kwd><kwd>East European Plain</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование изменений климата на Восточно-Европейской равнине, а также в бассейне Дона проведено в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН ААА-А-А19-1021051403088-5 (FMWS-2024-0001). Реакция стока Дона на климатические изменения изучалась в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН FMWS-2024-0007 (1021051703468-8). Прогностические модельные оценки изменений температурных характеристик зимой, в том числе, на Европейском севере России, осуществлялись при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект 23-47-00104).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study of climate change on the East European Plain, as well as in the Don basin, was carried out within the framework of the state assignment for the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences AAAA-A19-1021051403088-5 (FMWS-2024-0001). The response of the Don runoff to climate change was studied within the framework of the state assignment for the Institute of Geography RAS of the Russian Academy of Sciences FMWS-2024-0007 (1021051703468-8). Predictive model assessments of changes in temperature characteristics in winter, including in the European North of Russia, were carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 23-47-00104).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Водные ресурсы России и их использование / под ред. И.А. Шикломанова. СПб.: ГГИ, 2008. 598 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfieri L., Burek P., Feyen L., Forzieri G. Global warming increases the frequency of river floods in Europe. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2015, vol. 19, pp. 2247–2260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Георгиади А.Г., Коронкевич Н.И., Милюкова И.П., Кашутина Е.А., Барабанова Е.А. 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