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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624030104</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SODCDP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2785</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕНЯЮЩЕГОСЯ КЛИМАТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOECONOMIC PROCESSES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика производства зерна в России: соотношение политического и климатического факторов в историческом контексте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of Grain Production in Russia: Influence of Political and Climatic Factors in the Historical Context</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дронин</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dronin</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ndronin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковбашин</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovbashin</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Геоэкологические последствия климатических изменений: основные проблемы и возможности адаптации</issue-title><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>403</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дронин Н.М., Ковбашин Д.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дронин Н.М., Ковбашин Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dronin N.M., Kovbashin D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2785">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2785</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы Россия зарекомендовала себя как ведущий мировой экспортер зерна. Рекордный рост урожайности зерновых в последнее десятилетие происходит на фоне ухудшения климатичеяции. В контексте российской аграрной истории такой рост производства зерна выглядит исключительным, так как текущие темпы годового роста производства зерна примерно вдвое выше, чем в любом историческом периоде, когда происходила модернизация российского аграрного сектора. В связи с этим в статье обсуждается характер климатических изменений и аграрной политики в последнее десятилетие и их вклад в ускоренный рост производства зерна в современный период на основе регрессионных моделей урожайность–погода. Анализ результатов, полученных с помощью регрессионных моделей за период 1958–2020 гг., свидетельствует о том, что последнее десятилетие отличается отчетливой дивергенцией реальных и климатически обусловленных (моделируемых) урожаев в главной зернопроизводящей зоне страны. Регионы с усиливающейся дивергенцией между результатами регрессионных моделей и реальной урожайностью зерновых образуют географически компактную группу и охватывают два макрорегиона – Северный Кавказ и Центрально-Черноземный район. В то время как в остальных регионах наблюдается по-прежнему хорошее согласие между модельными результатами и урожайностью. Успехи зернового хозяйства на юге Европейской России трудно объяснить климатическим фактором из-за заметного роста температур с небольшими изменениями осадков или даже их снижением, что обусловливает более засушливые условия в вегетационный период. Мы рассматриваем расхождение результатов климатических регрессионных моделей и реальных урожаев в этих регионах как свидетельство более значительного вклада сельскохозяйственных реформ в повышение урожайности. Эти реформы в первую очередь приносят пользу агрохолдингам, занимающим большую часть наиболее продуктивных земель в Центрально-Черноземном и Северо-Кавказском макрорегионах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, Russia has established itself as the world’s leading grain exporter. The record increase in grain yields over the past decade has occurred against a backdrop of worsening climatic conditions predicted by most global circulation models. In the context of Russia’s agricultural history, such an increase in cereal production looks exceptional, as the current annual growth rate of cereal production is about twice as high as in any historical period when the modernisation of Russia’s agricultural sector took place. In this context, the nature of climate change and agricultural policy in the last decade and their contribution to the accelerated growth of grain production in the modern period are discussed on the basis of “yield- weather” regression models. Regression models for the period 1958–2020 show that the last decade has been characterised by a clear divergence between actual and climate-related (modelled) yields in the main grain-producing zone of the country. The regions with increasing divergence between regression model results and actual grain yields form a geographically compact group and include two regions, the North Caucasus and the Central Chernozem, while in the other regions there is still good agreement between regression models and yields. The success of cereal production in southern European Russia is difficult to explain in terms of climate, as there has been a marked increase in temperature with slight changes or even decreases in precipitation, leading to drier conditions during the growing season. We see the discrepancy between climate regression models and real yields in these regions as evidence of a larger contribution of agricultural reforms to higher yields. These reforms primarily benefit the farms that occupy most of the most productive land in the Central Chernozem and North Caucasus regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>статистические модели</kwd><kwd>урожайность зерновых</kwd><kwd>климатическая урожайность</kwd><kwd>регионы России</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные реформы</kwd><kwd>агрохолдинги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>statistical models</kwd><kwd>grain yield</kwd><kwd>climate yield</kwd><kwd>regions of Russia</kwd><kwd>agriculture</kwd><kwd>agrarian reforms</kwd><kwd>agricultural holdings</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, грант № 20-55-76005.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 20-55-76005.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алабушев А.В., Гуреева А.В., Раева С.А. 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