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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624030127</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SNRITN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2787</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АДАПТАЦИЯ К ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМ КЛИМАТА: ОПЫТ СТРАН И РЕГИОНОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: EXPERIENCE OF COUNTRIES AND REGIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Адаптация к климатическим изменениям: общие, секторальные и региональные меры (на примере опыта Индии)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Adaptation to Climate Change: General, Sectoral and Regional Measures (the Case of India)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nalex01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банчева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bancheva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ban-sai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Геоэкологические последствия климатических изменений: основные проблемы и возможности адаптации</issue-title><fpage>416</fpage><lpage>427</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Н.Н., Банчева А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Н.Н., Банчева А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva N.N., Bancheva A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2787">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2787</self-uri><abstract><p>Адаптация к изменениям климата становится важнейшим направлением современной климатической политики. Особенно она актуальна для развивающихся стран, которые наиболее уязвимы к последствиям изменения климата и обладают ограниченной адаптационной способностью. Цель данной статьи – обзор достижений и проблем в сфере адаптации к изменению климата в соответствии с методологией МГЭИК на примере одной из крупнейших развивающихся стран мира – Индии. Эта страна во все больших масштабах сталкивается с последствиями глобальных изменений климата и в ответ на это предпринимает активные меры реагирования. На основе материалов МГЭИК, разработок других международных организаций, российских исследований рассмотрены основные методологические подходы к оценке адаптации к климатическим изменениям и их эволюция. В качестве основных источников по Индии использованы правительственные документы, национальные сообщения для МГЭИК, программы и планы действий штатов в сфере адаптации, научные публикации, сообщения в средствах массовой информации и статистические данные. На этой основе охарактеризованы: 1) воздействие наблюдаемых и прогнозируемых климатических изменений на население и природно-хозяйственные системы Индии; 2) уязвимость к ним ряда систем жизнеобеспечения и секторов, с акцентом на сельское хозяйство; 3) основные типы адаптации, включая структурную, социальную и институциональную. Показано, что система реагирования на возникающие вызовы в сфере климатических изменений строится “сверху вниз” – в рамках стратегического планирования на национальном уровне и уровне штатов. В стране реализуется один из основополагающих принципов адаптационных мероприятий – подход “сопутствующих выгод”, когда цели социально-экономического развития согласуются с климатической повесткой и тем самым достигается защита наиболее уязвимых слоев населения. Адаптация рассматривается в Индии как приоритет климатической политики с учетом меньшего удельного вклада страны в глобальное потепление, чем экономически развитых стран.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Adaptation to climate change is the most important part of modern climate policy. It is particularly relevant for developing countries, which are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and have limited capacity to adapt to these impacts. The purpose of this article is to review the achievements and challenges of adaptation to climate change using the IPCC methodology, taking India, one of the world’s largest developing countries, as an example. The country is increasingly confronted with the impacts of global climate change and is responding proactively. Based on material from the IPCC, developments from other international organisations and Russian studies, the main methodological approaches to assessing adaptation to climate change and their evolution are considered. The main sources for India are government documents, national communications to the IPCC, state programmes and action plans on adaptation, scientific publications, media reports and statistics. On this basis, the following issues are characterised: (1) the impacts of observed and projected climate change on India’s population and natural and economic systems; (2) the vulnerability of life-supporting systems and sectors, with a focus on agriculture; (3) the main types of adaptation, including structural, social and institutional. It shows that the system for responding to the emerging challenges of climate change is being built from the top down, through strategic planning at the national and state levels. The country is implementing one of the basic principles of adaptation – the ‘co-benefits’ approach, where socioeconomic development goals are aligned with the climate agenda, thereby protecting the most vulnerable. Adaptation is considered a priority of climate policy in India, given the country’s lower per capita contribution to global warming than economically developed countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уязвимость</kwd><kwd>климатическая политика</kwd><kwd>меры адаптации</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>социально-экономическое развитие</kwd><kwd>Индия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vulnerability</kwd><kwd>climate policy</kwd><kwd>adaptation measures</kwd><kwd>agriculture</kwd><kwd>socioeconomic development</kwd><kwd>India</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы Госзадания № 121040100322-8 географического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова и Программы развития Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова “Будущее планеты и глобальные изменения окружающей среды”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was prepared within the framework of the State Assignment no. 121040100322-8 of the Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Program of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Lomonosov Moscow State University “The future of the planet and global environmental change.”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кокорин А.О., Кураев С.Н., Минин А.А., Стеценко А.В. Проблемы адаптации к климатическим измене- ниям // Природопользование и устойчивое раз- витие. Мировые экосистемы и проблемы России. Серия: “Устойчивое развитие: Проблемы и пер- спективы”. 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