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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624040016</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RQILUK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2790</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Барьерность и транспортная доступность государственных границ как факторы трансграничных взаимодействий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Barrier Function and Transport Accessibility of the Border as Factors of Cross-Border Interactions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Себенцов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sebentsov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asebentsov@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kms@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морачевская</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morachevskaya</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow; St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.morachevskaya@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелудков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheludkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.sheludkov@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС ; Институт географии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) ; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС ; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) ; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>469</fpage><lpage>484</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Себенцов А.Б., Карпенко М.С., Морачевская К.А., Шелудков А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Себенцов А.Б., Карпенко М.С., Морачевская К.А., Шелудков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sebentsov A.B., Karpenko M.S., Morachevskaya K.A., Sheludkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2790">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2790</self-uri><abstract><p>Интенсивная интеграция и трансграничная регионализация, наблюдавшиеся на многих межгосударственных границах Европы в последние десятилетия, сделали необычайно популярным концепт барьерности государственных границ. Низкая барьерность границы справедливо воспринимается исследователями как одно из необходимых условий для интенсивного приграничного сотрудничества, а также как его закономерный результат. Однако многие исследователи при оценке барьерности фокусировались исключительно на самой линии государственной границы, игнорируя транспортно-коммуникационные свойства прилежащих к ней территорий. Авторы статьи предлагают собственный комбинированный метод оценки транспортной доступности и барьерности границы, апробированный на российско-казахстанском и российско-белорусском участках границы. Суть метода состоит в расчете транспортной доступности мест пересечения границы для населенных пунктов приграничных регионов с учетом конфигурации транспортной сети. Преимущество метода – в возможности сравнивать границы разной степени открытости и в получении представления, какая часть территории и населения по обе стороны границы может быть вовлечена в трансграничные связи. Исследование показало, что благодаря практически полному отсутствию пограничного контроля российско-белорусская граница имеет более высокую транспортную проницаемость и лучшую сохранность транспортной сети. Все это обеспечивает высокий уровень транспортной доступности для населения приграничья. В российско-казахстанском приграничье, где число и плотность мест пересечения границы меньше, а сеть приграничных дорог сохранилась гораздо хуже, сравнительно высокий уровень транспортной доступности границы характерен для небольшого числа регионов. В условиях сокращения числа пунктов пропуска в 2000-е годы здесь выросла протяженность “глухих” границ – малодоступных или недоступных для населения этих регионов. Сравнительный анализ трансграничных практик населения и результатов расчета транспортной доступности показал, что транспортная доступность границы и соседа, барьерность и проницаемость границы носят потенциальный характер, то есть не объясняют сами по себе трансграничные контакты. Конкретный территориальный контекст, фундаментальные социально-экономические и политические особенности и текущая конъюнктура, исторические и культурные факторы также оказывают влияние на реализацию потенциала доступности границы и соседа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intensive integration and cross-border regionalization have been observed at many interstate borders in Europe in recent decades. This has made the concept of barrier-based state borders extremely popular. A low border barrier is perceived by researchers as one of the necessary conditions for intensive cross-border cooperation, as well as its natural result. However, when assessing the barrier of borders, many researchers focused exclusively on the state border line itself, ignoring the transport and communication properties of the territories. The authors of the article propose their own combined method of assessing transport accessibility and border barriers, which was tested on the Russian-Kazakh and Russian-Belarusian border sections. The essence of the method is to assess the transport accessibility of border crossing points for settlements in border regions, taking into account the configuration of the transport network. The advantage of the method is the ability to compare borders with different degrees of openness. The method allows to get an idea of what part of the territory and population on both sides of the border can be involved in cross-border connections. The study showed that the Russian-Belarusian border, due to the almost complete absence of border control, has a higher transport permeability and safety of the transport network. All this ensures a high level of transport accessibility for the settlements and population of the border regions. In the Russian-Kazakh border region, the number and density of border crossing points is lower, and the network of border roads is much less well preserved. Therefore, in this section of the border, a relatively high level of transport accessibility of the border is typical for a small number of regions. In connection with the reduction of the number of checkpoints in the 2000s, the length of “blind borders”—hardly accessible to the population of these regions – has increased. A comparative analysis of the cross-border practices of the population and the results of the calculation of transport accessibility showed that the transport accessibility of the border, the barrier and the permeability of the border are potential in nature. They do not explain cross-border contacts per se. The specific territorial context, fundamental socioeconomic and political characteristics and current conditions, historical and cultural factors also influence the realization of the potential of border and neighbor accessibility.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспортная доступность</kwd><kwd>барьерность</kwd><kwd>приграничное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>трансграничная мобильность</kwd><kwd>трансграничная регионализация</kwd><kwd>соседство</kwd><kwd>проницаемость границ</kwd><kwd>трансграничные связи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transport accessibility</kwd><kwd>barriers of borders</kwd><kwd>cross-border cooperation</kwd><kwd>cross-border mobility</kwd><kwd>cross-border regionalization</kwd><kwd>neighborhood</kwd><kwd>border permeability</kwd><kwd>transborder links</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение о предоставлении гранта № 075-15-2022-326). Сбор и геокодирование данных по людности населенных пунктов приграничных территорий, а также проведение интервью в 2014–2022 гг. осуществлялось в рамках тем Госзадания ИГ РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant no. 075-15-2022-326). The collection and geocoding of data on the population of settlements in the border regions, as well as conducting interviews in 2014–2022 was carried out within the framework of the state task of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бугроменко В.Н. Современная география транспорта и транспортная доступность // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2010. № 4. 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