<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624060025</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ALARYU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2834</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИРОДНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ И ДИНАМИКА ГЕОСИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATURAL PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS OF GEOSYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методика дистанционной оценки термических характеристик озер зоны многолетней мерзлоты европейской части России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodology for Remote Assessment of Thermal Characteristics of Lakes in Permafrost Zone of European Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голосов</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golosov</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расулова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasulova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arasulova@limno.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревунова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revunova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт озероведения Российской академии наук — обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБУН “Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>867</fpage><lpage>881</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кондратьев С.А., Голосов С.Д., Зверев И.С., Расулова А.М., Крылова В.Ю., Ревунова А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондратьев С.А., Голосов С.Д., Зверев И.С., Расулова А.М., Крылова В.Ю., Ревунова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondratyev S.A., Golosov S.D., Zverev I.S., Rasulova A.M., Krylova V.Y., Revunova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2834">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2834</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — адаптация методики дистанционной оценки гидротермодинамических характеристик неизученных озер к условиям зоны многолетней мерзлоты Европейской территории России. Основа методики — синтез результатов тематического дешифрирования спутниковых снимков, геостатистической оценки морфометрических характеристик озер и математического моделирования термодинамических процессов в них. В качестве объектов исследования рассмотрены водоемы зоны многолетней мерзлоты трех озерных регионов европейской части России — Кольского сегмента Балтийского кристаллического щита, прибрежных равнин Баренцева моря и западного склона Урала, в каждом из которых озерные котловины имеют схожее происхождение. Для определения морфометрических характеристик озер использовались базы данных HydroLakes и WORDLAKE, основанные на материалах дистанционного зондирования, литературных источниках и оценках объемов озер по геостатистическим моделям, базирующимся на топографии поверхности. Основной инструмент достижения поставленной цели — универсальная параметризованная одномерная математическая модель гидротермодинамики озера FLake, дополненная блоком теплообмена на границе вода — дно. Модель включена в прогностическую систему COSMO, используемую для составления прогнозов погоды на всей территории страны как средство оценки влияния пресноводных озер на локальный климат. Для задания климатических входных данных в модели использовались данные реанализа семейства ERA5. Выполнены имитационные термогидродинамические расчеты для точек, репрезентативных для рассмотренных озерных регионов в пределах зоны многолетней мерзлоты. Показано, что адаптированная к условиям многолетней мерзлоты методика позволяет оценивать теплообмен в системе атмосфера — лед — водная масса — донные отложения, условия перемешивания и вертикальное распределение температуры в воде и донных отложениях, а также ледовый режим озер.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study is to adapt the methodology of remote assessment of hydrothermodynamic characteristics of unstudied lakes to the conditions of the European Russia’s permafrost zone. The basis of the methodology is the synthesis of the results of thematic interpretation of satellite images, geostatistical assessment of their morphometric characteristics of lakes and mathematical modeling of thermodynamic processes in them. The objects of study are the permafrost zone reservoirs of three lake regions of the European Russia: the Kola segment of the Baltic Shield, the coastal plains of the Kara Sea and the western slope of the Ural Mountains, in each of which the lake basins have a similar origin. To determine the morphometric characteristics of unstudied lakes, the HydroLakes and WORDLAKE databases were used, based on remote sensing materials, literature sources and estimates of lake volumes using geostatistical models based on surface topography. The main tool for achieving this goal is a universal parameterized one‑dimensional mathematical model of the hydrothermodynamics of the lake FLake, supplemented by a heat exchange block at the water‑bottom boundary. The model is included in the COSMO forecasts’ system, which is used to compile weather forecasts throughout the Russian Federation as a means of assessing the influence of freshwater lakes on the local climate. To specify climate input data into the model, reanalysis materials from the ERA5 family were used. Thermohydrodynamic calculations were performed for points representative of the considered lake regions within permafrost zones. It is shown that the technique adapted to the conditions of permafrost allows one to evaluate heat exchange in the system atmosphere — ice — water mass — bottom sediments, as well as the vertical distribution of temperature in water and bottom sediments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>озерный регион</kwd><kwd>многолетняя мерзлота</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>теплоперенос в воде и донных отложениях</kwd><kwd>ледовый покров</kwd><kwd>реанализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lake region</kwd><kwd>permafrost</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>heat transfer in water and bottom sediments</kwd><kwd>ice cover</kwd><kwd>reanalysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке проекта Российского научного фонда № 24‑27‑00067 “Методика дистанционной оценки характеристик неизученных озер зоны многолетней мерзлоты с использованием спутниковой информации и математического моделирования”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation project no. 24‑27‑00067 “Methodology for remote assessment of the characteristics of unstudied lakes in permafrost zones using satellite information and mathematical modeling”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабушкина Е.В., Русаков В.С., Русаков С.В., Шавнина Ю.Н. Типизация территории методами геостатистического анализа по физико‑географическим факторам // Вестн. Пермского ун‑та. Математика. Механика. Информатика. 2012. № 1 (9). С. 33–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assibey‑Bonsu W. The basic tenets of evaluating the Mineral Resource assets of mining companies, as observed through Professor Danie Krige’s pioneering work over half a century. J.S. Afr. Inst.Min. Metall., 2016, vol. 116, no. 7, pp. 635–643. https://doi.org/10.17159/2411–9717/2016/v116n7a5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вечная мерзлота Кольского полуострова / под ред. И.Я. Баранова. М.: Изд‑во АН СССР, 1953. 180 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babushkina E.V., Rusakov V.S., Rusakov S.V., Shavnina Yu.N. Area typing by geostatistical analysis based on physical and geographical factors. Vestn. Perm. Univ., 2012, no. 1, pp. 33–37. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геокриология СССР. Европейская территория СССР / ред. Э.Д. Ершова. М.: Недра, 1988. 358 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacher J., Wenzig K., Vogler M. SPSS TwoStep Cluster — a First Evaluation. Nürnberg: Arbeits‑und Diskussionspapiere. Universität Erlangen‑Nürnberg, Sozial-wissenschaftliches Institut, Lehrstuhl für Soziologie, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доклад об особенностях климата на территории Российской Федерации за 2020 год. М.: РОСГИДРОМЕТ, 2021. 104 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Wu L., Zhang G., Xu Y.J., Tan Z., Qiao S. Assessment of surface hydrological connectivity in an ungauged multi‑lake system with a combined approach using geostatistics and spaceborne SAR observations. Water, 2020, vol. 12, no. 10, art. 2780. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102780</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов П.В. Классификация озер мира по величине и по их средней глубине // Бюл. ЛГУ. 1948. № 20. С. 29–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doklad ob osobennostyakh klimata na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2020 god [Report on the Peculiarities of the Climate in the Territory of the Russian Federation for 2020]. Moscow: Rosgidromet, 2021. 104 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измайлова А.В. Озера России. Закономерности распределения, ресурсный потенциал. СПб.: Папирус, 2018. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geokriologiya SSSR. Evropeiskaya territoriya SSSR [Geocryology of the USSR. European Territory of the USSR]. Ershova E.D., Ed. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1988. 358 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измайлова А.В., Корнеенкова Н.Ю., Расулова А.М. Выявление уникальных озер с использованием геоинформационных систем на примере Ненецкого автономного округа // Изв. Иркутск. гос. ун‑та. Сер.: Науки о Земле. 2023. Т. 43. С. 30–45. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073–3402.2023.43.30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golosov S., Kirillin G.A. Parameterized model of heat storage by lake sediments. Environ. Model. Softw., 2010, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.01.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравцова В.И. Распространение термокарстовых озер в России в пределах зоны современной мерзлоты // Вестн. Моск. ун‑та. Серия 5. География. 2009. № 3. С. 33–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khazaei B., Read L.K., Casali M, Sampson K.M., Yates D.N. GLOBathy, the global lakes bathymetry dataset. Sci. Data, 2022, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597‑022‑01132‑9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.Е., Муравьева Н.В. Общая теория статистики: учеб. пособие. Владимир: Изд‑во Владимирского гос. ун‑та, 2020. 243 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov P.V. Classification of the world’s lakes by size and by their average depth. Byull. Leningr. Gos. Univ., 1948, no. 20, pp. 29–36. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальный атлас России. Т. 2. Природа. Экология / гл. ред. А.В. Бородко, гл. ред. тома В.М. Котляков. М.: ПКО “Картография”, 2007. 496 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izmailova A.V. Ozera Rossii. Zakonomernosti raspredeleniya, resursnyi potentsial [Lakes of Russia. Patterns of Distribution, Resource Potential]. St. Petersburg: Papirus Publ., 2018. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаева С.Б., Евзеров В.Я. К геодинамике Кольского региона в позднем плейстоцене и голоцене: Обзор и результаты исследований // Вестн. Воронеж. гос. ун‑та. Сер. Геология. 2018. № 1. С. 5–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izmailova A.V., Korneenkova N.Yu., Rasulova A.M. Identification of unique lakes using geographic information systems using the example of the Nenets autonomous okrug. Izv. Irkut. Gos. Univ., 2023, vol. 43, pp. 30–45. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26516/2073–3402.2023.43.30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паркин Р.А., Каневский М.Ф., Савельева Е.А., Демьянов В.В. Пространственно‑временная геостатистика на примере данных радиоэкологического мониторинга // Инженерная экология. 2005. № 1. С. 18–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirillin G., Hochschild J., Mironov D., Terzhevik A., Golosov S., Nützmann G. FLake‑Global: Online lake model with worldwide coverage. Environ. Model. Softw., 2011, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 683–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев В.А., Драбкова В.Г., Измайлова А.В. Озера европейской части России. СПб.: Лема, 2015. 390 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov V.E., Muravyova N.V. Obshchaya teoriya statistiki: ucheb. posobie [General Theory of Statistics: Textbook]. Vladimir: Izd‑vo Vladimir. Gos. Univ., 2020. 243 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assibey-Bonsu W. The basic tenets of evaluating the Mineral Resource assets of mining companies, as observed through Professor Danie Krige’s pioneering work over half a century // J.S. Afr. Inst.Min. Metal. 2016. Vol. 116. № 7. P. 635–643. https://doi.org/10.17159/2411–9717/2016/v116n7a5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochkov N.V., Ryanzhin S.V. A method of assessing lake morphometric characteristics with the use of satellite data. Water Resour., 2016, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807816010103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacher J., Wenzig K., Vogler M. SPSS TwoStep Cluster — a first evaluation. Nürnberg: Arbeits‑und Diskussionspapiere. Universität Erlangen‑Nürnberg, Sozial-wissenschaftliches Institut, Lehrstuhl für Soziologie, 2004. 32 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korsakova O., Tolstobrov D., Nikolaeva S., Kolka V., Tolstobrova A. Lake Imandra depression in the Late Glacial and early Holocene (Kola Peninsula, north‑western Russia). Baltica, 2020, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 177–190. https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2020.2.5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Wu L., Zhang G., Xu Y.J., Tan Z., Qiao S. Assessment of Surface Hydrological Connectivity in an Ungauged Multi‑Lake System with a Combined Approach Using Geostatistics and Spaceborne SAR Observations // Water. 2020. Vol. 12. № 10. P. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102780</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravtsova V.I. Distribution of thermokarst lakes of Russia within the permafrost zone. Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 5: Geogr., 2009, no. 3, pp. 33–42. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golosov S., Kirillin G.A. Parameterized model of heat storage by lake sediments // Environmental Modelling &amp; Software. 2010. Vol. 25. № 6. P. 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.01.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehner B., Döll P. Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. J. Hydrol., 2004, vol. 296, no. 1–4, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khazaei B., Read L.K., Casali M., Sampson K.M., Yates D.N. GLOBathy, the global lakes bathymetry dataset // Sci. Data. 2022. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597‑022‑01132‑9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Messager M., Lehner B., Grill G., Nedeva I., Schmitt O. Estimating the volume and age of water stored in global lakes using a geo‑statistical approach. Nat. Commun., 2016, vol. 7, no. 1, art. 13603. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirillin G., Hochschild J., Mironov D., Terzhevik A., Golosov S., Nützmann G. FLake‑Global: Online lake model with worldwide coverage // Environ. Modelling &amp; Software. 2011. Vol. 26. № 5. P. 683–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov D.V. Parameterization of Lakes in Numerical Weather Prediction. Description of a Lake Model. COSMO Technical Report No. 11. Offenbach am Main: German Weather Service, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kochkov N.V., Ryanzhin S.V. A method of assessing lake morphometric characteristics with the use of satellite data // Water Res. 2016. Vol. 43. № 1. P. 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807816010103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov D., Heise E., Kourzeneva E., Ritter B., Schneider N., Terzhevik A. Implementation of the lake parameterization scheme Flake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO. Boreal Environ. Res., 2010, vol. 15, pp. 218–230.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korsakova O., Tolstobrov D., Nikolaeva S., Kolka V., Tolstobrova A. Lake Imandra depression in the Late Glacial and early Holocene (Kola Peninsula, north‑western Russia) // Baltica. 2020. Vol. 33. № 2. P. 177–190. https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2020.2.5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natsional’nyi atlas Rossii. Tom 2. Priroda. Ekologiya [National Atlas of Russia. Vol. 2. Nature. Ecology]. Borodko A.V., Kotlyakov V.M., Eds. Moscow: PKO Kartografiya, 2007. 496 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehner B., Döll P. Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands // J. Hydrol. 2004. Vol. 296. № 1–4. P. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaeva S.B., Evzerov V.Ya. On geodynamics of the Kola region in the later Pleistocene and Holocene: the review and result of the studies. Vestn. Voronezh. Gos. Univ., Ser. Geol., 2018, no. 1, pp. 5–14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Messager M., Lehner B., Grill G., Nedeva I., Schmitt O. Estimating the volume and age of water stored in global lakes using a geo‑statistical approach // Nat. Commun. 2016. Vol. 7. № 1. Art 13603. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obu J., Westermann S., Bartsch A., et al. Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale. Earth-Sci. Rev., 2019, vol. 193, pp. 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mironov D.V. Parameterization of Lakes in Numerical Weather Prediction. Description of a Lake Model. COSMO Technical Report No. 11. Offenbach am Main: German Weather Service, 2008. 44 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parkin R.A., Kanevskii M.F., Savel’eva E.A., Dem’yanov V.V. Spatiotemporal geostatistics using radioecological monitoring data as an example. Inzh. Ekol., 2005, no. 1, pp. 18–32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mironov D., Heise E., Kourzeneva E., Ritter B., Schneider N., Terzhevik A. Implementation of the lake parameterization scheme Flake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO // Boreal Environ. Res. 2010. Vol. 15. P. 218–230.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev V.A., Drabkova V.G., Izmailova A.V. Ozera Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii [Lakes of the European Part of Russia]. St. Petersburg: Lema Publ., 2015. 390 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obu J., Westermann S., Bartsch A., et al. Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale // Earth‑Science Reviews. 2019. Vol. 193. P. 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev V.A., Izmailova A.V., Makarov A.S. Status of the lake fund of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Her. Russ. Acad. Sci., 2021, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1134/s101933162101007X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rumyantsev V.A., Izmailova A.V., Makarov A.S. Status of the lake fund of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation // Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021. Vol. 91. № 1. P. 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1134/s101933162101007X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarah S., Jeelani G., Ahmed S. Assessing variability of water quality in a groundwater‑fed perennial lake of Kashmir Himalayas using linear geostatistics. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2011, vol. 120, pp. 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040‑011‑0081‑6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarah S., Jeelani G., Ahmed S. Assessing variability of water quality in a groundwater‑fed perennial lake of Kashmir Himalayas using linear geostatistics // J. Earth Syst. Sci. 2011. Vol. 120. P. 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040‑011‑0081‑6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shih M.‑Yi, Jheng J.‑W., Lai L.‑F. A Two‑Step method for clustering mixed categroical and numeric data. J. Appl.Eng. Sci., 2010, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11–19. https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2010.13.1.02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shih M.-Yi, Jheng J.-W., Lai L.-F. A Two‑Step Method for Clustering Mixed Categroical and Numeric Data // J. of Applied Sci. and Engineering. 2010. Vol. 13. № 1. P. 11–19. https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2010.13.1.02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., et al. Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia. Quat. Sci. Rev., 2004, vol. 23, pp. 1229–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.12.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., et al. Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia // Quat. Sci. Rev. 2004. Vol. 23. P. 1229–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.12.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szatmári G., Kocsis M., Makó A., Pásztor L., Bakacsi Z. Joint spatial modeling of nutrients and their ratio in the sediments of Lake Balaton (Hungary): A multivariate geostatistical approach. Water, 2022, vol. 14, no. 3, art. 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szatmári G., Kocsis M., Makó A., Pásztor L., Bakacsi Z. Joint Spatial Modeling of Nutrients and Their Ratio in the Sediments of Lake Balaton (Hungary): A Multivariate Geostatistical Approach // Water. 2022. Vol. 14. № 3. Art. 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vechnaya merzlota Kol’skogo poluostova [Permafrost of the Kola Peninsula]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1953. 180 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winslow L.A., Read J.S., Hanson P.C., Stanley E.H. Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population‑scale processes // Inland Waters. 2015. Vol. 5. № 1. P. 7–14. https://doi.org/10.5268/IW‑5.1.740</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winslow L.A., Read J.S., Hanson P.C., Stanley E.H. Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population‑scale processes. Inland Waters, 2015, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 7–14. https://doi.org/10.5268/IW‑5.1.740</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zverev I.S., Golosov S.D., Kondratiev S.A., Rasulova A.M. Procedure for Remote Assessment of the Characteristics of Unexplored Lakes in the Continental Part of the Russian Tundra // Doklady Earth Sci. 2023. Vol. 511. № 2. P. 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1028334X23600779</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zverev I.S., Golosov S.D., Kondrat’ev S. A., Rasulova A.M. Procedure for remote assessment of the characteristics of unexplored lakes in the continental part of the Russian tundra. Dokl. Earth Sci., 2023, vol. 511, no. 2, pp. 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1028334X23600779</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
