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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624060043</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AKLQLY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИРОДНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ И ДИНАМИКА ГЕОСИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATURAL PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS OF GEOSYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины и закономерности быстрых изменений состава взвесей в малой городской реке Сетунь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Drivers and Features of Rapid Suspended Sediment Composition Changes in the Small Urban River Setun</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чалов</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лошков</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loshkov</surname><given-names>О. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крастынь</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krastyn</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krastyn-e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>893</fpage><lpage>901</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чалов С.Р., Лошков О.Д., Крастынь Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чалов С.Р., Лошков О.Д., Крастынь Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chalov S.R., Loshkov О.D., Krastyn E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2839">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2839</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные измерительные технологии открывают новые горизонты в изучении природных явлений, в том числе связанных с гидрологическими процессами, и в частности — транспортом наносов. В статье обсуждаются результаты натурных экспериментов с лазерным дифрактометром LISST-200X, единственным в мировой практике средством регистрации крупности взвеси и мутности воды в потоке. Исследования были выполнены в начале 2024 г. в нижнем течении р. Сетуни, являющейся крупнейшим притоком р. Москвы в пределах г. Москвы, и представляли собой высокочастотные (с дискретностью 10 сек) продолжительные записи (всего 49 ч) характеристик транспорта взвесей в потоке. Совмещение с отборами проб на измерение оптической и весовой мутности позволило определить ограничения использования средств измерений подобного типа. Воспроизводимость гранулометрического состава взвешенных наносов по данным высокочастотного мониторинга оказалась хуже, чем их концентрации. Данные LISST-200X в среднем почти в 2 раза завышают величину крупности взвеси по сравнению с лабораторным определением крупности, что частично объясняется включением в измеряемый диапазон крупных частиц (более 500 мкм), однако стабильно воспроизводят относительные изменения гранулометрического состава. В ходе экспериментов на р. Сетуни выявлены непродолжительные (до 95 мин) увеличения мутности и крупности взвеси (плюмы), вероятнее всего имеющие антропогенный генезис, и характеризующиеся гистерезисными связями между мутностью воды и составом взвесей. Во всех случаях на волне подъема мутности крупность взвешенных наносов ниже, чем на спаде. Этот результат характеризует ранее неисследованный феномен транспорта наносов ниже участков их точечного поступления в русловые потоки — гидравлическую сортировку по длине реки, когда более легкие частицы перемещаются быстрее более крупных и тяжелых частиц (в том числе органических). Полученные оценки представляются важными как для мониторинга антропогенного воздействия, так и для развития теории речных наносов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article discusses the results of field experiments in the lower reaches of the Setun River, the largest tributary of the Moscow River within the city of Moscow, based on the LISST-200X diffractometer, which measures suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and particle size through laser diffraction. The research was conducted in early 2024, and involved high-frequency (10-second interval) long-term recordings (49 h in total) of sediment transport characteristics. The combination of these measurements with sampling for optical and gravimetric turbidity allowed for the identification of limitations in the use of such measurement tools. The reproducibility of the granulometric composition of suspended sediments based on high-frequency monitoring was found to be worse than that of their concentrations. The LISST-200X data, on average, overestimated the particle size by nearly two times compared to laboratory measurements, which can be partially explained by the inclusion of larger particles (over 500 µm) in the measured range; however, it consistently reproduced relative changes in granulometric composition. During the experiments on the Setun River, short-term (up to 95 min) increases in turbidity and particle size (plumes) were identified, likely of anthropogenic origin, characterized by hysteresis relationships between SSC and sediment composition. In all cases, during the rise in SSC, the size of suspended sediments was lower than during its decline. This result highlights a previously unexplored phenomenon of sediment transport downstream from point sources into channel flows, that shows hydraulic sorting along the river length, where lighter particles move faster than larger and heavier particles (including organic ones). The obtained estimates are significant for both monitoring anthropogenic impacts and advancing the theory of river sediments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>LISST</kwd><kwd>лазерная дифракция</kwd><kwd>взвешенные наносы</kwd><kwd>гранулометрический состав</kwd><kwd>высокочастотный мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>LISST</kwd><kwd>laser diffraction</kwd><kwd>suspended sediments</kwd><kwd>sediment grain size</kwd><kwd>effluent</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Полевые исследования выполнены за счет гранта РНФ № 19-77-30004, обработка данных сетевых наблюдений — в рамках Проекта Министерства Образования и Науки Российской Федерации № 075-15-2025-008.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The field research was carried out at the expense of the RSF grant no. 19-77-30004, the processing of network observation data was carried out within the framework of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation project no. 075-15-2025-008.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лопатин Г.В. 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