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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624050091</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AORDJM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2843</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОРОДСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ: ФАКТОРЫ ДИНАМИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>URBAN DEVELOPMENT: FACTORS OF DYNAMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы неравномерности развития городов России с населением более 100 тыс. чел. в первых десятилетиях XXI века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors of Uneven Development of Russian Cities with Population of over 100 000 People in the First Decades of the 21st Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведникова</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvednikova</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darina.medvednikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, Институт прикладных экономических исследований, Центр пространственного анализа и региональной диагностики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Institute of Applied Economic Research, Center for Spatial Analysis and Regional Diagnostics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Город и его окружение: современные вызовы и пути развития</issue-title><fpage>738</fpage><lpage>756</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведникова Д.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведникова Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvednikova D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2843">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2843</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование посвящено оценке масштабов, динамики и факторов неравномерности развития городов России с населением более 100 тыс. чел. по ключевым социально-экономическим показателям за 2000–2021 гг. Оценка проводилась с использованием индекса Тейла и его свойства разложимости на основе данных Росстата. Полученные результаты позволяют отчетливо выделить этап снижения социально-экономических различий между городами в период экономического роста страны до кризиса 2009–2010 гг. и этап роста различий в период этого кризиса, в то время как в 2010-х годах динамика дифференциации городов по показателям стала разнонаправленной и неустойчивой. Показано, что макроэкономические кризисы оказывают краткосрочное, но разноплановое влияние на дифференциацию крупных городов по ключевым параметрам оценки. Подтвержден значительный отрыв Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга от остальных городов по показателям, сопоставимым по методике расчета с показателями муниципальной статистики; показан колоссальный масштаб вклада этих городов в общий масштаб различий между крупными центрами. При этом с начала 2020-х годов макрорегиональные различия между крупными центрами возрастают. Выявлено, что на дифференциацию крупных городов по большинству социальноэкономических характеристик наиболее значимое влияние оказывает фактор географического (прежде всего, макрорегионального) положения. Нельзя говорить об устойчивом влиянии на дифференциацию городов их специализации – этот фактор вносит значимый вклад в обеспечение различий городов только по заработной плате, по остальным экономическим показателям его влияние проявляется лишь в отдельные годы и связано с отраслевыми циклами. Доказано снижение за последние десятилетия дифференцирующей роли статуса региональной столицы одновременно с ростом фактора людности, что говорит об усилении влияния агломерационных факторов. Влияние анализируемых факторов на различия городов по ряду показателей оказывается малозначительным, что означает, что конкурентная борьба крупных центров устроена значительно сложнее, чем принято считать.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study is devoted to assessing the scale, dynamics and factors of uneven development of Russian cities with a population of more than 100 thous. people by key socioeconomic indicators in 2000–2021. The assessment was carried out using the Theil index and its decomposability property and was based on Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) data. The results make it possible to clearly identify the stage of a general decrease in socioeconomic differences between cities during the period of economic growth before the crisis of 2009–2010 and the stage of growing differences during this crisis, while in the 2010s the trends of interurban inequality became multidirectional and unstable. It is shown that macroeconomic crises have a short-term, signiﬁcant, but diverse impact on the inequality of large cities by key parameters. A signiﬁcant gap between Moscow and St. Petersburg from other cities has been conﬁrmed while measured with indicators comparable to ones of municipal statistics; the enormous scale of the contribution of these cities to the overall scale of inequality of large centers is shown. It has been revealed that the differentiation of large cities by most socioeconomic characteristics is most signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by the factor of geographical (primarily macroregional) position, and in recent years macroregional differences between large centers have increased. At the same time there is no stable signiﬁcant impact of specialization on the differentiation of cities—this factor makes sense in ensuring the differences of cities only by wages, while its contribution in interurban differences by other economic indicators is manifested only in certain years and is closely associated with industry cycles. The decrease in the differentiating role of the regional capital status over the past decades has been proved simultaneously with the growth of the population factor role, which conﬁrms the increasing inﬂuence of agglomeration effects. An important result is that the impact on interurban differences by a number of indicators turns out to be insigniﬁcant for all the factors that are considered to be key, which means that the competition of large centers is much more complicated than it is commonly believed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социально-экономическое развитие городов</kwd><kwd>дифференциация городов</kwd><kwd>межгородское неравенство</kwd><kwd>городское развитие</kwd><kwd>крупные города</kwd><kwd>города России</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>socioeconomic development of cities</kwd><kwd>differentiation of cities</kwd><kwd>inter-urban inequality</kwd><kwd>urban development</kwd><kwd>large cities</kwd><kwd>cities of Russia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаев А.М., Землянский Д.Ю., Калиновский Л.В., Медведникова Д.М. 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