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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624050142</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AODQQE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2848</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЕЙШИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE NEWEST TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Являются ли постсоветские города 15-минутными? Различия пешеходной доступности базовых городских услуг по морфотипам жилой застройки Краснодара, Саратова и Набережных Челнов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Are Post-Soviet Cities 15-Minute? Differences in Pedestrian Accessibility of Basic Urban Services by Residential Morphotypes in Krasnodar, Saratov, and Naberezhnye Chelny</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гонюхов</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gonyukhov</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pogonyukhov@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелудков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheludkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asheludkov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”; Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University; Russia bInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск: Город и его окружение: современные вызовы и пути развития</issue-title><fpage>820</fpage><lpage>835</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гонюхов П.О., Шелудков А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гонюхов П.О., Шелудков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gonyukhov P.O., Sheludkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2848">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2848</self-uri><abstract><p>Концепция 15-минутного города предполагает перепланировку городов и городских районов таким образом, чтобы каждый житель имел в 15-минутной пешеходной или велосипедной доступности возможность удовлетворить базовые потребности: в получении образования и медицинских услуг, покупке товаров и услуг, рекреации и пр. Ее цель – улучшение качества городской среды, снижение нагрузки на транспортные системы и увеличение резилиентности городов к событиям, подобным пандемии COVID-19, когда во многих городах вводились ограничения на автомобильные поездки и пользование общественным транспортом. В настоящей работе мы используем концепцию как аналитический инструмент и на ее основе строим специализированный индекс оценки качества городской среды. Гипотеза авторов состояла в том, что морфологически неоднородная среда постсоветских городов создает разные условия для размещения объектов базовой потребности горожан и, как следствие, их доступность сильно различается между районами. В качестве полигона исследования выбраны три крупных постсоветских города, которые заметно различаются по доминирующим морфологическим типам застройки: Краснодар, Саратов и Набережные Челны. Для оценки доступности объектов базовой потребности использовались данные из открытых источников и API 2ГИС. Результаты показали, что наилучшая пешеходная доступность до объектов всех типов наблюдается в исторических центрах городов, что связано с наибольшей концентрацией здесь точечных объектов, предоставляющих уникальные и общегородские услуги. Районы советской массовой жилой застройки показали лучшие значения по сравнению с современной многоквартирной застройкой, а наихудшая доступность отмечается у территорий индивидуального жилищного строительства: среднее время пешего пути до объектов базовой потребности здесь в три раза больше, чем в исторических центрах, и в два раза больше, чем в советских микрорайонах. Среди трех исследуемых городов наиболее близки модели 15-минутного города Набережные Челны. Для объектов ежедневного спроса уровень 15-минутной пешеходной доступности между городами варьируется слабо: ею обеспечены от 86.0 до 92.2% жителей. Наиболее сильные различия между городами и морфотипами в доступности объектов базовой потребности наблюдаются только при включении в индекс уникальных услуг, которые характеризуются точечным размещением, – больниц, театров, вузов и пр. Улучшение их доступности может быть реализовано через общее увеличение связности городской среды, например, через развитие системы общественного транспорта, или через создание субцентров городской активности в жилых районах с высокой плотностью населения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The 15-minute city concept suggests redesigning cities and urban areas in such a way that every resident could reach basic necessities and services, including education, medicine, shopping, leisure, etc., within a 15-minute walk or bicycle ride. The underlying goal of the concept is to improve urban environment, to reduce pressure on transportation systems, and to make cities more resilient to events like the COVID-19 pandemic, when many cities imposed restrictions on cars and public transport. In this paper, we use the 15-minute city concept as an analytical framework for an accessibility index describing the quality of the urban environment in contemporary Russian cities. The study is based on the assumption that the morphologically heterogeneous environment of the post-Soviet cities creates different conditions for the location of facilities that provide residents with basic necessities and services; as a consequence, the accessibility of these facilities varies greatly within cities. Three large and morphologically different post-Soviet cities, Krasnodar, Saratov, and Naberezhnye Chelny, were chosen as the study cases. The investigation draws on publicly available data as well as data from 2GIS on social, commercial, and transportation infrastructure. From our results, the highest accessibility of the facilities is observed in the historical city centers, which concentrate the facilities that provide unique and city-wide services. The Soviet microdistricts show the higher accessibility values compared to modern high-rise apartment buildings, while the lowest accessibility is observed in the lowrise neighborhoods: the average walking time to the basic services and facilities here is three times longer than in the historical centers, and twice as long as in the Soviet microdistricts. Among the three cities studied, Naberezhnye Chelny is the closest to the 15-minute city model. For daily demand facilities, the accessibility varies little between the cities, with 86.0 to 92.2% of residents living within 15-minute walking distance. The strongest differences between cities and urban areas of different morphological types in the accessibility of the facilities are observed only when including in the index rare facilities that provide unique and city-wide services, such as hospitals, theaters, universities, etc. Their accessibility can be improved, for example, by developing public transport systems or creating sub-centers of urban activity in high-density residential areas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспортная доступность</kwd><kwd>пешеходная доступность</kwd><kwd>15-минутный город</kwd><kwd>пространственное неравенство</kwd><kwd>морфология города</kwd><kwd>постсоветский город</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transport accessibility</kwd><kwd>pedestrian accessibility</kwd><kwd>15-minute city</kwd><kwd>spatial inequality</kwd><kwd>urban morphology</kwd><kwd>post-Soviet city</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация подготовлена в ходе проведения исследования (проект № 24-00-029 “Серия исследований по пространственному анализу и моделированию городских процессов”) в рамках Программы «Научный фонд Национального исследовательского университета “Высшая школа экономики” (НИУ ВШЭ)»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксенов К.Э., Брауде И., Рох К. 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