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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556625020051</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2938</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Траектории трансформации села в полиэтничном аграрном районе: кейс Фёдоровского района Республики Башкортостан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trajectories of Rural Transformation in Multiethnic Agrarian District: Case of Fedorovsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имангулов</surname><given-names>Л Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imangulov</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">linar.imangulov.1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexiusershov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, географический факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>207</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Имангулов Л.Р., Ершов А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Имангулов Л.Р., Ершов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Imangulov L.R., Ershov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2938">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2938</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены этнические и структурные аспекты трансформации сельского расселения в аграрном полиэтническом регионе сравнительно нового освоения на примере одного района Республики Башкортостан. Фёдоровский район относится к районам “Аграрной Башкирии”, характеризующимся развитым коллективным сельским хозяйством и высокой мозаичностью этнической структуры населения. При описании сельской местности района используется многофакторная классификация сельских населенных пунктов: разбивка их совокупности проводится по мере центральности, определяемой через размер пункта, по этнической структуре и другим социально-экономическим характеристикам. Выявлены варианты долгосрочных траекторий трансформации населенных пунктов через динамику численности населения в постсоветский период. Классификация, позволяющая выделить субтренды трансформации в рамках отдельных, более гомогенных, групп пунктов, используется для составления прогноза развития системы расселения района. Обнаружено, что сценарии трансформации сельских населенных пунктов в Фёдоровском районе сопряжены с этнической структурой населения, что выражается в несоответствии этапов трансформации пунктов со схожими социально-экономическими характеристиками, но с разной этнической структурой населения. Подробно особенности и факторы трансформации сельских населенных пунктов разных классов раскрываются для татарского Ижбуляка, чувашского Теняево и полиэтничной Гончаровки. В заключении представлена прогнозная карта сельского расселения Фёдоровского района к 2030 г., кратко обозначены рекомендации, учитывающие стремительные темпы сокращения численности населения района и пространственную неоднородность его развития: построение “серебряной экономики”, “вахтовое аграрное освоение” и развитие социальной инфраструктуры в центральных сельских населенных пунктах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the ethnic and structural aspects of the transformation of rural settlement pattern in agrarian polyethnic region on the example of a Bashkirian district. Fedorovsky district belongs to the regions of “Agrarian Bashkiria”, the mesoregion which is characterized by developed collective agriculture and high ethnic mosaic. To describe the multi-ethnic rural area of the district, a multi-sign classification of rural settlements is used. The breakdown of the totality of settlements is carried out according to the centrality, determined by the size of villages, the ethnic structure and the long-term trajectory of transformation, estimated through the dynamics of the population during the post-Soviet period. Variants of long-term trajectories of transformations of rural settlements in the post-Soviet period are revealed through population dynamics. Variants of transformation of rural settlements in the district are associated with the ethnic structure of the population. The classification, which makes it possible to identify subtrends of transformation within separate parts of more homogeneous groups of villages, is used to make a forecast of the settlement system development of Fedorovsky district. It was found that the scenarios of transformation of rural settlements in the Fedorovsky district are associated with the ethnic structure of the population. The peculiarities and detailed transformation factors of different settlement classes are revealed for Tatar Izhbulyak, Chuvash Tenyaevo and polyethnic Goncharovka. In conclusion, a forecast map of rural settlement pattern of Fedorovsky district by 2030 is presented. Taking into account the high rate of population decrease and internal differentiation of development, recommendations for the district development are outlined: the construction of a “silver economy”, “shift agricultural development” and the development of social infrastructure in central settlements.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сельское расселение</kwd><kwd>сельская местность</kwd><kwd>полиэтничный район</kwd><kwd>социально-экономическая трансформация</kwd><kwd>прогноз развития</kwd><kwd>этническая структура населения</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rural settlements</kwd><kwd>rural areas</kwd><kwd>polyethnic area</kwd><kwd>socioeconomic transformation</kwd><kwd>development forecast</kwd><kwd>ethnic structure of the population</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>agriculture</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке РНФ (проект № 24-17-00107).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 24-17-00107).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А.И., Имангулов Л.Р. 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