sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587556625020078sergeogr-2940Research ArticleЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМEVOLUTION OF NATURAL SYSTEMSЛандшафтно-климатические изменения на севере Монгольского нагорья в течение позднеледниковья и голоцена (на примере лёссово-почвенного разреза Шаамар в долине р. Орхон)Landscape and Climate Change in the Northern Mongolian Plateau During the Late Glacial and Holocene (Based on the Shaamar Loess-Soil Section)ТимиреваС. Н.TimirevaS. N.

Москва

Moscow

ХохловаО. С.KhokhlovaO. S.

Пущино, Московская область

Pushchino, Moscow oblast

СычеваС. А.SychevaS. A.

Москва

Moscow

BatkhishigO.BatkhishigO.

Улан-Батор

Ulaanbaatar

СимаковаА. Н.SimakovaA. N.

Москва

Moscow

КалининП. И.KalininP. I.

Пущино, Московская область

Pushchino, Moscow oblast

BolormaaT.BolormaaT.

Улан-Батор

Ulaanbaatar

ByambaaG.ByambaaG.

Улан-Батор

Ulaanbaatar

КононовЮ. М.KononovYu. M.

Москва

Moscow

jukon02@mail.ruИнститут географии РАНРоссияInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАНРоссияInstitute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут географии и геоэкологии Монгольской академии наукМонголияInstitute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of SciencesMongoliaГеологический институт РАНРоссияGeological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202506112025892235249Copyright © Тимирева С.Н., Хохлова О.С., Сычева С.А., Batkhishig O., Симакова А.Н., Калинин П.И., Bolormaa T., Byambaa G., Кононов Ю.М., 20252025Тимирева С.Н., Хохлова О.С., Сычева С.А., Batkhishig O., Симакова А.Н., Калинин П.И., Bolormaa T., Byambaa G., Кононов Ю.М.Timireva S.N., Khokhlova O.S., Sycheva S.A., Batkhishig O., Simakova A.N., Kalinin P.I., Bolormaa T., Byambaa G., Kononov Y.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2940

Представлены результаты комплексных палеопочвенных и палеогеографических исследований лёссово-почвенного разреза Шаамар, расположенного на севере центральной части Монгольского нагорья. Реконструированы основные этапы формирования почв и эоловых отложений в позднеледниковье и голоцене. Основываясь на данных радиоуглеродного датирования, установлено, что наиболее длительный этап почвообразования имел место во время интерстадиального потепления Беллинг/Аллеред (~15000–~12500 л. н.). Для этого времени реконструированы наиболее благоприятные условия для образования черноземов с доминированием открытых степных ландшафтов и аридной климатической обстановки. Следующий этап почвообразования соответствует бореальному периоду раннего голоцена (~9500 л. н.). В это время в регионе формируются лесостепные почвы, в которых выявлены признаки процессов текстурной дифференциации и переувлажнения. По данным спорово-пыльцевого анализа помимо трав фиксируется пыльца сосны и березы в заметном количестве. В среднем голоцене (~8500–~3500 л. н.) фиксируется усиление эоловой деятельности на фоне аридизации климата и похолодания. Вместе с тем, согласно микроморфологическим данным, как в педоседиментах, так и в эоловых наносах фиксируются кратковременные периоды переувлажнения, которые могли быть следствием сезонного таяния мерзлых пород. В позднем голоцене (последние ~3500 л. н.) по палинологическим данным, отмечается заметное увлажнение климата, повлекшее расширение ареала лесной растительности. На территории были широко представлены сосновые леса. Полученные данные позволяют более точно определить возраст основных этапов почвообразования, что заметно улучшают понимание закономерностей климатических изменений на севере Монгольского нагорья в конце последнего оледенения и голоцене.

The paper presents the results of paleosol and paleogeographic studies of the Shaamar loess-soil section located in the Northern Mongolian Plateau. The main periods of eolian sedimentation and soil formation in the Late Glacial and Holocene are reconstructed. Based on radiocarbon data, it was indicated the longest period of soil formation that took place during the Bølling/Allered interstadial (~15.000– ~12.500 years ago). For this time, the most favorable conditions for the chernozem soil formation with the dominance of open steppe landscapes and an arid climatic situation have been reconstructed. The next soil formation period corresponds to the Boreal phase of the early Holocene (~9.500 years ago). At this time, forest-steppe soils were formed, in which signs of textural differentiation and waterlogging processes were revealed. According to the pollen analysis, in addition to grasses, pine and birch pollen is recorded in noticeable quantities. In the Middle Holocene (~8500–~3500 years ago), an increase in aeolian activity is recorded against the background of climate aridization and cooling. At the same time, according to micromorphological data, short-term periods of waterlogging are recorded in both pedosediments and aeolian deposits, which was most likely a result of seasonal permafrost melting. In the late Holocene (the last ~3500 years ago), according to palynological data, a noticeable climate humidification is noted, which led to an expansion of the range of forest vegetation. Pine forests were widely represented in the territory. The data obtained allow a more accurate determination of the age of the main stages of soil formation, which significantly improves the understanding of the patterns of climate change in the north of the Mongolian Plateau at the end of the Last Glaciation and the Holocene.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.