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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697525030096</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-2968</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATURAL RESOURCE USE AND GEOECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка антропогенного воздействия в муниципалитетах Байкальской природной территории и его роль в поступлении загрязняющих веществ с речным стоком в озеро Байкал</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact in Municipalities of the Baikal Natural Territory and Its Role in the Entry of Pollutants with River Runoff into Lake Baikal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Битюкова</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bityukova</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.r.bityukova@geogr.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чалов</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hydroserg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonovmtg@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Ю. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>Y. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yrbel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болысов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolysov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sibol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бредихин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bredikhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avbredikhin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadim308g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прусихин</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prusikhin</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olegprus2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лычагин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lychagin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lychagin@geogr.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыпленков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyplenkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atsyplenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова;&#13;
Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University;&#13;
Institute of Geography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>448</fpage><lpage>466</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Битюкова В.Р., Чалов С.Р., Антонов Е.В., Беляев Ю.Р., Болысов С.И., Бредихин А.В., Григорьев В.Ю., Прусихин О.Е., Лычагин М.Ю., Цыпленков А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Битюкова В.Р., Чалов С.Р., Антонов Е.В., Беляев Ю.Р., Болысов С.И., Бредихин А.В., Григорьев В.Ю., Прусихин О.Е., Лычагин М.Ю., Цыпленков А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bityukova V.R., Chalov S.R., Antonov E.V., Belyaev Y.R., Bolysov S.I., Bredikhin A.V., Grigoriev V.Y., Prusikhin O.E., Lychagin M.Y., Tsyplenkov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2968">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2968</self-uri><abstract><p>Несоответствие границ речных бассейнов, в пределах которых происходит перенос загрязняющих веществ водными потоками, и административных (муниципальных) округов, где размещены источники их поступления в реки, является сложной научно-методической проблемой управления водными ресурсами. В статье приводится интегральная оценка антропогенного воздействия, рассчитанного по материалам государственной статистики в разрезе муниципалитетов Байкальской природной территории, и на примере речных бассейнов – притоков Байкала, расположенных в ее пределах, обсуждается предложенная авторами методика оценки вклада муниципалитетов в поступление тяжелых металлов и металлоидов (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Mo, P, Sb, Sn, U) в растворенной и взвешенной форме с речным стоком в оз. Байкал. Методами регрессионного анализа определена ведущая роль 5 факторов воздействия, статистически оказывающих влияние на формирование концентраций и потоков приоритетных загрязнителей в замыкающих створах 13 крупнейших притоков Байкала (рр. Селенга, Баргузин, Турка, Тыя, Верхняя Ангара, Снежная, Кичера, Голоустная, Бугульдейка, Утулик, Кика, Фролиха, Большая Черемшана). К ним относятся: объем сброса сточных вод; объем сброса неочищенных сточных вод; площади, нарушенные горнодобывающей деятельностью; геоморфологическая опасность территории; темпы потенциальной эрозии почв. Учет вклада отдельных муниципалитетов, расположенных в пределах речных бассейнов, в формирование суммарного воздействия по каждому из пяти факторов позволил обосновать метод определения количественной роли муниципалитетов в формировании потока загрязняющих веществ в Байкал. В границах Байкальской природной территории уровень антропогенного воздействия по большинству показателей имеет слабую тенденцию к снижению при увеличении локализации загрязнения в трех городских агломерациях (от 10 до 30% по каждому из веществ в городском округе Улан-Удэ, Северобайкальском и Селенгинском районах). Для этой зоны характерна наибольшая нагрузка сточных вод относительно объема поверхностных вод.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The discrepancy between the boundaries of river basins, within which pollutants are transported by water flows, and the administrative (municipal) districts where their sources of entry into rivers are located, is a complex scientific and methodological problem of water resources management. The article presents an integrated assessment of anthropogenic impact calculated using state statistics for municipalities of the Baikal natural territory. Using the example of river basins—tributaries of Lake Baikal located within its boundaries—the authors discuss the proposed methodology for assessing the contribution of municipalities to the inflow of heavy metals and metalloids (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Mo, P, Sb, Sn, U) in dissolved and suspended form with river flow into Lake Baikal. The methods of regression analysis have determined the leading role of 5 impact factors statistically influencing the formation of concentrations and flows of priority pollutants in the closing channels of 13 major tributaries of Lake Baikal (Selenga, Barguzin, Turka, Tyya, Verkhnyaya Angara, Snezhnaya, Kicher, Goloustnaya, Buguldeika, Utulik, Kika, Frolikha, Bolshaya Cheremshana rivers). These include: the volume of wastewater discharge; the volume of untreated wastewater discharge; areas disturbed by mining activities; the geomorphological hazards of the territory; the rate of potential soil erosion. Taking into account individual municipalities located within river basins in the formation of the total impact for each of the five factors allowed us to justify a method for determining the quantitative role of municipalities in the formation of the flow of pollutants. Within the boundaries of the Baikal natural territory, the level of anthropogenic impact by most indicators shows a slight downward trend with an increase in the localization of pollution in three urban agglomerations (from 10 to 30% for each of the substances in the Ulan-Ude urban okrug, Severobaikalsky and Selenginsky municipal districts). This zone is characterized by the highest wastewater load in relation to the volume of surface water.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>загрязнение</kwd><kwd>речной сток</kwd><kwd>антропогенное воздействие</kwd><kwd>бассейновый подход</kwd><kwd>муниципальные образования</kwd><kwd>Байкальская природная территория</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pollution</kwd><kwd>river runoff</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic impact</kwd><kwd>basin approach</kwd><kwd>municipalities</kwd><kwd>Baikal natural territory</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проекта № 8/Д-2021 “Разработка интегрированной (интегральной) оценки антропогенного воздействия и состояния окружающей среды озера Байкал”, НИР ГЗ МГУ кафедры экономической и социальной географии России № 121051100161-9 “Cовременная динамика и факторы социально-экономического развития регионов и городов России и стран Ближнего Зарубежья”, кафедры геоморфологии и палеогеографии № 121040100323-5 “Эволюция природной среды в кайнозое, динамика рельефа, геоморфологические опасности и риски природопользования”, программы развития Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова “Будущее планеты и глобальные изменения окружающей среды”</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the project no. 8/D-2021 “Development of an Integrated Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact and the State of the Environment of Lake Baikal,” research work of the state assignment of the MSU’s department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia no. 121051100161-9 “Modern Dynamics and Factors of Socio-Economic Development of Regions and Cities of Russia and Neighboring Countries,” department of Geomorphology and Paleogeography no. 121040100323-5 “Evolution of the Natural Environment in the Cenozoic, Topography Dynamics, Geomorphological Hazards and Risks of Nature Management,” development programs of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Lomonosov Moscow State University “The Future of the Planet and Global Environmental Changes.”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абалаков А.Д., Базарова Н.Б. 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