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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697525050061</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИРОДНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ И ДИНАМИКА ГЕОСИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATURAL PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS OF GEOSYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменения авифауны островов европейского сектора российской Арктики в XIX–XXI веках</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the Avifauna of Islands in the European Sector of the Russian Arctic in the 20th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тертицкий</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tertitski</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tertitski@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>779</fpage><lpage>792</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тертицкий Г.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тертицкий Г.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tertitski G.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3019">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3019</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ изменений фаунистического состава птиц островов Баренцева моря в XX и XXI вв. выполнен с использованием географо-генетической классификации видов. Показано, что за последние 100 лет произошло увеличение числа гнездящихся видов во всех подзонах тундры и только в полярных пустынях изменения оказались незначительны. На островах и архипелагах увеличивается количество гнездящихся видов, чей оптимум ареала расположен западнее. На юге это представители европейской фаунистической группы, а на севере — транспалеаркты и птицы арктической группы. В типичных и южных тундрах отмечено снижение доли гнездящихся арктических видов птиц при сохранении их количества и рост участия сибирских видов и транспалеарктов. Фаунистическая структура гнездящихся птиц за последние 100–120 лет оставалась наиболее стабильной на высокоарктических островах архипелагов Земля Франца-Иосифа и Новая Земля, где антропогенное воздействие и климатические изменения не оказали существенного влияния на авифауну. На островах Колгуев и Вайгач фаунистическая структура гнездящихся птиц начинает меняться во второй половине XX в. и продолжается до сих пор. Анализ изменений в группе арктических птиц выявил значительное увеличение гипоарктов в типичных тундрах при снижении числа видов, характерных для высокоширотной Арктики (эоарктов) и стабильном количестве гемиарктов. Большинство вселившихся видов распространено очень локально, численность их не велика и, в настоящее время они не конкурируют с местными видами и не влияют на их численность и распространение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The changes in the faunistic composition of birds of the Barents Sea islands in the 20th and 21st centuries were analyzed using geographic-genetic classification of species. It is shown that over the last 100 years there has been an increase in the number of nesting species in all tundra subzones, and only in polar deserts the changes are insignificant. On islands and archipelagos the number of breeding species whose optimum range is located to the west, is increasing. In the south these are representatives of the European faunistic group, and in the north these are transpaleoarctic birds and birds of the arctic group. In typical tundra and southern tundra there was a decrease in the proportion of nesting arctic bird species, while their numbers remained the same, and an increase in the rate of Siberian species and transpalaearctic birds. The faunistic structure of nesting birds over the last 100–120 years has remained most stable on the high Arctic islands of the Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya archipelagos, where anthropogenic impact and climatic changes have not significantly affected the avifauna. On Kolguev and Vaigach islands, the faunistic structure of breeding birds began changing in the second half of the 20th century and continues to this day. Analyses of changes in the group of arctic birds revealed a significant increase in hypoarcts in typical tundra with a decrease in the number of species characteristic of the high Arctic (eoarcts) and a stable number of hemiarcts. Most of the introduced species are distributed very locally, their numbers are not large and, at present, they do not compete with local species and do not influence their abundance and distribution.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>авифауна тундры</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>птицы Арктики</kwd><kwd>острова Баренцева моря</kwd><kwd>долговременный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Tundra avifauna</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>Arctic birds</kwd><kwd>Barents Sea islands</kwd><kwd>long-term monitoring</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН № FMGE-2024-0007.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the state order of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences no. 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