Abandoned buildings (“abandonments”) as elements of the cultural landscape are the objects with a special semantic status that carry traces of memory of their former functionality, and of the social changes that shaped these “frozen” places. “Abandonments” act as markers of social problems and transformations. They become places of collective nostalgia and alternative historicity, opposed to the official narrative. The article examines the meanings of abandoned buildings in the existence and structure of the cultural landscape, due to new cultural practices that arise around abandoned buildings spontaneously or in an organized manner. Their study allows for a deeper understanding of the role of “dangerous” spaces in culture and the possibility of their legal re-integration into society. An analysis of the types of cultural practices in abandoned buildings allows us to identify several key areas reflecting trends and drifts in the structure of the modern cultural landscape. Informal ways of interacting with abandoned spaces are considered: from the urban explorers’ movement (Urbex), mystical cults, street art to temporary cultural initiatives (festivals, performances). Abandoned buildings are dynamic objects in which the memory of their former functionality, the creative self–organization of cultural groups and social conflicts intersect. They have an ontological duality—the meanings of dying and oblivion, and a growth point for the formation of specific subcultures.