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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697525040085</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3032</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Транспортное освоение Тибета: опыт для регионов Сибири и Дальнего Востока</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transport Developing-up of Tibet: Experience for Siberia and Russian Far East’s Regions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тархов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarkhov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tram.tarkhov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>617–637</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тархов С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тархов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarkhov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3032">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3032</self-uri><abstract><p>Транспортное освоение Тибета началось в 1950-е годы, но особенно быстро оно шло в первой четверти XXI в., несмотря на экстремально суровые природные условия этого высокогорного района. По информации, собранной из китайских источников, реконструирован хронологически почти полностью процесс такого освоения этой территории. Выявлены шесть этапов: 1) транспортный изоляционизм от внешнего мира (до 1954 г.); 2) автодорожное проникновение извне, возникновение первых элементов внутренней дорожной сети и единственного аэропорта (1954–1979 гг.); 3) формирование внутреннего каркаса дорожной сети и крупных локальных аэропортов (1980–2005 гг.); 4) первая пенетрация железной дороги извне, формирование циклической структуры в дорожной сети, расширение сети локальных аэропортов (2006–2013 гг.); 5) расширение внутренней сети железных дорог, появление первых скоростных автомагистралей (2014–2023 гг.); 6) сооружение новых железнодорожных входов извне, создание каркаса внутренних скоростных автомагистралей, расширение сети гражданских аэропортов (2024–2035 гг.). Транспортное освоение территории постепенно ускорялось, а его характерное время сжималось. Опыт транспортного освоения Тибета можно использовать при составлении программ развития транспорта регионов Сибири и российского Дальнего Востока, схожих с Тибетом. Рекомендуется включать в них постройку новых, дополнительных входных железнодорожных и автомобильных магистралей, создание внутрирегиональных железных дорог и автомагистралей высокого технического качества, дублирование самых ныне загруженных автодорог параллельными им новыми автодорогами, сооружение новых аэропортов в отдаленных изолированных от наземной транспортной сети точках и районах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The transport development of Tibet began in the 1950s, but it was especially rapid in the first quarter of the 21st century, despite the extremely harsh natural conditions of this high-mountain region. According to information collected from Chinese sources, the process of development of the territory has been reconstructed chronologically almost completely. Six stages have been identified: (1) transport isolationism from the outside world (before 1954); (2) road penetration from the outside, the emergence of the first elements of the internal road network and the only airport (1954–1979); (3) the formation of the internal framework of the road network and large local airports (1980–2005); (4) the first penetration of the railway from the outside, the formation of a cyclical structure in the road network, the expansion of the network of local airports (2006–2013); (5) expansion of the internal railway network, the appearance of the first high-speed highways (2014–2023); (6) construction of new railway entrances from the outside, creation of a framework of internal high-speed highways, expansion of the network of civil airports (2024–2035). Transport development of the territory gradually accelerated, and its characteristic time was compressed. The experience of transport development of Tibet can be used in drawing up programs for the development of transport in the regions of Siberia and the Russian Far East, similar to Tibet. It is recommended to include in them the construction of new, additional entrance railways and highways, the creation of intraregional railways and highways of high technical quality, duplication of the most congested highways with new highways parallel to them, the construction of new airports in remote points and areas isolated from the ground transport network.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Тибет</kwd><kwd>Тибетский автономный район</kwd><kwd>транспортная сеть</kwd><kwd>транспортная освоенность территории</kwd><kwd>сеть автодорог</kwd><kwd>сеть железных дорог</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Tibet</kwd><kwd>Tibet Autonomous Region</kwd><kwd>transport network</kwd><kwd>transport development</kwd><kwd>road network</kwd><kwd>railways network</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы Государственного задания Института географии РАН “Социально-экономическое пространство России в условиях глобальных трансформаций: внутренние и внешние вызовы” № 124032900015-3 (FMWS-2024-0008).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out according to the state order of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Socioeconomic Space of Russia in the Context of Global Transformations: internal and External Challenges” no. 124032900015-3 (FMWS-2024-0008).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арманд А.Д., Таргульян В.О. 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