From a systemic perspective, a rich factual material from modern stationary observations of aeolian processes in the island steppes of Siberia has been summarized. The spatial orderliness of aeolian landform development is demonstrated in the form of a large regional subsystem of the aeolian material circulation. This represents the northern branch of the global aeolian system of Central Asia, which was identified by V.A. Obruchev in 1895. It is further divided into five interconnected links: Yenisei, Pribaikal, Baikal, Selenga, and Dauria. Within each link, an orderly change of deflation, transit, and aeolian accumulation zones is also observed. Cyclical fluctuations of modern aeolian processes have been identified within seasonal, 3–5-year, and 11-year cycles, as well as against the backdrop of longer intracentury climatic cycles. The module of modern aeolian material migration varies from 50 to 500 g/m2 per year. The temporal organization of aeolian processes is presented based on the interpretation of Holocene lithological records. The periodization of the phases of active aeolian morphogenesis and the stages of its stabilization was carried out on the basis of statistical processing of an array of our own and previously published radiocarbon dates. Such approach allowed us to reveal that the average duration of the phases of active formation of aeolian landforms is on average 380 years. The duration of stabilization of aeolian processes and pedogenesis is somewhat longer (490 years). During the early Holocene and the first half of the middle Holocene, the duration of the cycles of aeolian relief formation reaches 1400–1500 years. In the second half of the middle and late Holocene, the variability of the intensity of aeolian processes increases and the stabilization-activation cycles of aeolian processes acquire an intra-century rank. The established patterns of aeolian system functioning serve as a basis for developing anti-deflation measures to protect soils from wind erosion.