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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697526010078</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАЛЫЙ, СРЕДНИЙ, БОЛЬШОЙ ГОРОД: ВОПРОСЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SMALL, MEDIUM, AND LARGE CITY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Малые города Центральной России: пространственный рост в условиях демографического сжатия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Small Cities of Central Russia: Spatial Growth in the Context of Demographic Shrinkage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Smirnov.ip@tversu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Города на пути из настоящего в будущее</issue-title><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов И.П., Лебедев П.С., Смирнова А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов И.П., Лебедев П.С., Смирнова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov I.P., Lebedev P.S., Smirnova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3097">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3097</self-uri><abstract><p>Малые города — популярный объект географических исследований. В современных работах чаще всего рассматриваются социально-демографические и экономические вопросы функционирования этой категории населенных пунктов. Данная статья посвящена исследованию пространственных изменений, произошедших с малыми городами в постсоветский период. С помощью дешифрования космических снимков 190 малых городов нестоличных регионов Центральной России проведен анализ изменения площади застроенных территорий с 1989 по 2023 г. За рассматриваемый период 85 из 190 городов увеличили свою площадь больше, чем на 10%. Чаще всего этот рост связан с ареалами нового индивидуального жилья, дач и промышленных объектов. Наиболее активно растут города южных областей Центральной России, а также города вблизи крупных агломераций. Сопоставление динамики людности и показателей прироста застройки позволило разделить города на пять групп. Первая группа — города, где рост людности был сопряжен с ростом пространства — классический спрол. Вторая группа — города, где численность населения сократилась незначительно, а пространство выросло заметно, третья — города, потерявшие более трети населения, но значительно увеличившие свою территорию. Две группы городов со стагнацией пространства, убылью и сверхубылью населения. Одним из главных негативных проявлений разрастания является снижение плотности населения, которое приводит к увеличению расходов на городское коммунальное хозяйство. Анализ динамики плотности населения позволил выделить наиболее проблемные с этой точки зрения города. На основе расположения ареалов новой застройки выделены модели пространственного роста малых городов: периметральная, радиально-лучевая, эксклавная. Рассмотрен процесс срастания малых городов и соседних сельских населенных пунктов, который приводит к формированию новых сельско-городских ландшафтов. В результате исследования были сформированы ключевые представления о пространственных трансформациях малых городов Центральной России в постсоветский период.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Small cities are a popular object of contemporary geographical research, most often focused on demographic and economic aspects of their functioning. This article examines the spatial transformations experienced by small cities in the post-Soviet period. By interpreting satellite imagery for 190 small cities outside the capital region in Central Russia, the study analyzes changes in built-up area between 1989 and 2023, finding that 85 out of 190 towns expanded their built-up footprint by more than 10%. This spatial growth primarily stems from the development of new areas of individual housing, dachas, and industrial facilities. Towns in the southern parts of Central Russia and those situated near major urban agglomerations show the most active expansion. Comparing population dynamics with built-up area growth reveals five spatial development types: (1) towns with both population and spatial growth (classic sprawl), (2) slight population decline with significant spatial growth, (3) severe population loss (more than one-third) with substantial spatial expansion, and two further types featuring stagnating built-up area with either moderate or extreme population loss. A prominent adverse effect of this expansion is falling population density, which increases costs for municipal utilities; this allowed the identification of the most problematic towns in that regard. Spatial growth models identified based on new development locations include perimetral growth (irregular edge expansion), radialaxis growth (along transport corridors), and exclave growth (detached clusters of development). The study also addresses the merging of small cities with adjacent rural settlements, giving rise to new rural–urban landscapes. The investigation yields key insights into the nature of spatial transformations among small cities in Central Russia during the post-Soviet period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пространственный рост</kwd><kwd>модели пространственного роста</kwd><kwd>сжимающиеся города</kwd><kwd>городское разрастание</kwd><kwd>городская застройка</kwd><kwd>пространственное планирование</kwd><kwd>динамика людности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small cities</kwd><kwd>spatial growth</kwd><kwd>spatial growth models</kwd><kwd>shrinking cities</kwd><kwd>urban development</kwd><kwd>urban sprawl</kwd><kwd>spatial planning</kwd><kwd>population dynamics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ, проект № 24-17-00107 “Малые города и сельские населенные пункты в системе расселения регионов России (1989–2021)”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 24-17-00107 “Small Towns and Rural Settlements in the Settlement System of Russian Regions (1989–2021).”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аверкиева К.В. 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