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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697526010091</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРИГОРОДСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ: НОВЫЕ И СТАРЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTRACITY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES: NEW AND TRADITIONAL RESEARCH APPROACHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Облик города: проблемы отношений старого и нового</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Image of a City: Problems of Old and New Relationships</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трейвиш</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treivish</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trene12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Города на пути из настоящего в будущее</issue-title><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трейвиш А.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трейвиш А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Treivish A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3099">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3099</self-uri><abstract><p>Из четырех основных парадоксов города по Г.М. Лаппо автор статьи рассматривает тот, согласно которому города стремятся сохранить старину, но не могут отказаться от внедрения нового, которое старину теснит. “Старина” понимается прежде всего как вещественное наследие в камне (условно и собирательно — как “культурные камни”). Такое наследие влияет на людей, на их сознание, оценки, поведение не меньше, чем создатели, преобразователи и разрушители городов влияют на них. Похожим образом старина влияет на новизну, которая подражает старине, обрамляет ее, отвергает или уничтожает, чему есть много примеров. Изложение построено главным образом именно на примерах российских городов (всего их 12) разного возраста, размера, статуса и судьбы. Ставятся вопросы о том, что лучше для города, его старых и новых “камней”, жителей, гостей: консервация аутентичных камней даже в состоянии руин или их возвращение в живую ткань города; сохранение изношенной застройки или ее реновация и модернизация; какой тип города удобнее в данном аспекте — хранящий хотя бы в своем ядре черты эпохи сравнительно быстрого созидания (симультанный) или с напластованиями и перестройками разных времен (город-палимпсест). О смене типа говорить не приходится, но он определенно влияет на конфликт интересов и пути его разрешения. Один из выводов состоит в том, что достоинства исторического города не должны мешать его текущей жизни и развитию, комфорту горожан. Однако грубая, безвкусная имитация старины, как и пренебрежение ею, — тоже крайности, а варварское уничтожение культурной памяти в камне просто безобразно и недопустимо.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Of the four basic urban paradoxes suggested by G.M. Lappo, the author of this article considers the one according to which cities strive to preserve their antiquities, but they cannot refuse to implement the newness that crowds out the oldness. The latter is regarded as a tangible heritage in stone (conditionally and collectively as “cultural stones”) that affects people, their minds, assessments, and behavior no less than the creators, transformers, and destroyers of cities affect them. Similarly, antiquity affects novelty, which imitates, frames, rejects, or destroys antiquity, and there are many examples of how it happens. The text is based mainly on examples of Russian cities (12 in total) of different ages, sizes, status, and destinies. Questions are raised about what is better for the city, its old and new “stones,” permanent residents and guests: either conservation of authentic stones even in ruins or their return to the living urban fabric; either protection of worn-out buildings or their renovation and modernization; which urban type is more convenient in this context — storing at least in its core features of an era of relatively rapid creation (simultaneous city) or full of different-time layering and restructuring (palimpsest city). A change in type cannot be spoken, although it definitely has an effect on the conflict of interest and how it is resolved. One of the conclusions is that the advantages of a historic city should not interfere with its current life, development and comfort of townspeople. However, crude and tasteless imitation of antiquity, as well as neglecting it, are also extremes, and the barbaric destruction of cultural memory in stone is simply ugly and unacceptable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>город</kwd><kwd>исторический город</kwd><kwd>облик</kwd><kwd>архитектура</kwd><kwd>планировка</kwd><kwd>наследие</kwd><kwd>культурные камни</kwd><kwd>старина</kwd><kwd>новизна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>city</kwd><kwd>historic city</kwd><kwd>image</kwd><kwd>shape</kwd><kwd>look</kwd><kwd>architecture</kwd><kwd>urban layout</kwd><kwd>heritage</kwd><kwd>cultural stones</kwd><kwd>oldness</kwd><kwd>antiquity</kwd><kwd>newness</kwd><kwd>novelty</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН № 124032900015-3 (FMWS-2024-0008).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out according to the state order of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences no. 124032900015-3 (FMWS-2024-0008).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абанкина Т.В. 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