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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697526010157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОРОДСКИЕ И СЕЛЬСКИЕ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ: МИГРАЦИЯ, ИНФРАСТРУКТУРА, КОНТРАСТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS: MIGRATION, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND CONTRASTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Школы и больницы рядом с домом: влияние социальной инфраструктуры на динамику численности населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Schools and Hospitals Near Home: The Impact of Social Infrastructure on Population Dynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балабан</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balaban</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василиженко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilizhenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачурина</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachurina</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lkarachurina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корж</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzh</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мкртчян</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkrtchyan</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панафидина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panafidina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ “Высшая школа экономики”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Города на пути из настоящего в будущее</issue-title><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балабан М.О., Василиженко А.А., Карачурина Л.Б., Корж П.А., Мкртчян Н.В., Панафидина И.А., Родина О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балабан М.О., Василиженко А.А., Карачурина Л.Б., Корж П.А., Мкртчян Н.В., Панафидина И.А., Родина О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balaban M.O., Vasilizhenko A.A., Karachurina L.B., Korzh P.A., Mkrtchyan N.V., Panafidina I.A., Rodina O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3105">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3105</self-uri><abstract><p>Динамика численности населения населенных пунктов определяется множеством различных факторов, в числе которых, как показывают исследования, — наличие объектов образования и здравоохранения (то есть базовой социальной инфраструктуры) в непосредственной близости от дома. Можно предположить двустороннюю связь: снижение численности населения влечет за собой сокращение прикрепленного контингента в школах и медицинских учреждениях и, вследствие этого, — оптимизацию социальной инфраструктуры “шаговой доступности”. И наоборот: закрытие учреждений базовой социальной инфраструктуры способствует миграционному оттоку населения из таких населенных пунктов и общему снижению численности населения в них. В предлагаемой статье на основе 10-процентной выборки муниципальных образований России (226 единиц, в которых по данным переписи населения 2021 г. насчитывалось 16.7 тыс. населенных пунктов) оценивается обеспеченность населения базовыми услугами образования и здравоохранения. Она связана с людностью населенных пунктов, принадлежностью к пригородам крупных городов и особенностями системы расселения. Для анализа применялись методы дескриптивной статистики, регрессионного моделирования, кластеризации и картографирования. Результаты показали, что, вопреки ожиданиям, обеспеченность населенных пунктов учреждениями образования и здравоохранения практически не связана с динамикой численности населения за последний межпереписной период (2011–2021 гг.). Более того, для сравнительно крупных населенных пунктов (людностью свыше 1000 жителей) обнаруживается значимая обратная связь динамики численности населения с наличием школ и медицинских учреждений; такой связи нет только с наличием детских садов. Результаты свидетельствуют, что динамика людности населенных пунктов в 2010-е годы зависит не от обеспеченности социальной инфраструктурой, а, прежде всего, от их положения в центро-периферийной системе и особенностей системы расселения. В статье обсуждаются ограничения проведенных расчетов, причины полученных взаимосвязей и предлагаются направления дальнейших исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The dynamics of population size in settlements are determined by a wide range of factors, among which, as research shows, is the availability of educational and healthcare institutions (i.e., basic social infrastructure) within close proximity to homes of residents. A bidirectional relationship can be assumed: a decline in population size leads to a reduction of the attached contingent in schools and medical institutions, which in turn results in the optimization of walkable social infrastructure. Conversely, the closure of basic social infrastructure facilities fosters population outflow from such settlements and contributes to an overall decline in their population size. This article, based on a 10-percent sample of Russian municipalities (226 units, encompassing 16.7 thous. settlements according to the 2021 population census), evaluates the provision of basic educational and healthcare services. Provision levels are examined in relation to settlement size, whether settlements belong to the suburbs of large cities, and the characteristics of the patterns of settlement. The methods applied include descriptive statistics, regression modelling, clustering, and cartographic analysis. The results show that, contrary to expectations, the availability of educational and healthcare institutions in settlements is practically unrelated to population dynamics during the last intercensal period (2011–2021). Moreover, for comparatively large settlements (with more than 1000 residents), a significant inverse relationship was observed between population dynamics and the presence of schools and medical institutions. The only exception is kindergartens, for which no such relationship was found. The findings demonstrate that in the 2010s the population dynamics of settlements depended not on the provision of social infrastructure, but primarily on their position within the center-periphery system and on the characteristics of the patterns of settlement. The article discusses the limitations of the calculations performed, the reasons for the observed relationships, and outlines directions for further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>базовая социальная инфраструктура</kwd><kwd>система расселения</kwd><kwd>динамика численности населения</kwd><kwd>населенные пункты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>basic social infrastructure</kwd><kwd>network of settlements</kwd><kwd>settlement system</kwd><kwd>population dynamics</kwd><kwd>settlements</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта № 25-00-011 “Взаимосвязь динамики численности населения и наличия объектов социальной инфраструктуры в малых городах и сельских населенных пунктах России” Программы Научного фонда НИУ ВШЭ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication was prepared within theframework of the Academic Fund Program at HSE University (grant no. 25.00.011 “The Relationship between Population Dynamics and the Availability of Social Infrastructure in Small Towns and Rural Areas of Russia”).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аверкиева К.В. 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