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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697526020036</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3152</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика конфессионального ландшафта городов современной Эфиопии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Dynamics of Urban Religious Landscapes amid Intensifying Confessional Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanszax@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Африки РАН; Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>300–315</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3152">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3152</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируется религиозная конкуренция между направлениями христианства в городах Эфиопии по материалам переписей населения. Показано, что интенсификация конкуренции между христианскими церквями была обеспечена активизацией протестантских миссионеров; это становится заметно не только в крупных, но также в средних и особенно в малых городах. В соответствии с пространственной логикой развития религиозной конкуренции регионы Эфиопии разделены на два типа: “регион опережает город” — рост внутрирелигиозной конкуренции начинается в сельской местности, а затем в городах, и “город опережает регион” — интенсификация внутрирелигиозной конкуренции начинается в городе. В силу догоняющего характера урбанизационных процессов и того, что Эфиопская православная церковь (ЭПЦ) исторически пользовалась широкой поддержкой властей в городах страны, большая часть регионов отнесена автором к первому типу. На основе материалов полевого исследования, проведенного в Турми и Димеке — малых городах Южного Омо (регион Южной Эфиопии) в 2024 г., определены пространственные механизмы трансформации их конфессионального ландшафта. В определении последнего акцент сделан на историко-географических аспектах проникновения христианских церквей в рассматриваемый полигон, которое происходило в три волны: 1) вход ЭПЦ и католической церкви; 2) ранние протестанты; 3) поздние протестанты. Установлено, что конкуренция между церквями разных волн проявляется не только в изменении соотношения их численности, но и в перестройке конфессионального ландшафта. Последнее выражается в перераспределении площади земельных участков, принадлежащих религиозным организациям, в борьбе за символическое доминирование главным образом путем строительства культовых сооружений, а также в расширении социальной миссии. Усиление конкуренции христианских организаций в городах стимулирует более обеспеченные церкви первых двух волн расширять миссионерское поле в сельскую местность. Показано, что этот процесс играет важную роль в расширении геопространства течений христианства в рассматриваемом регионе и становится одним из ключевых факторов роста городов в Южном Омо.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines competition among Christian denominations in Ethiopian towns, based on the dynamics of intra-religious diversity calculated from national census data using the Gorokhov Index. It is shown that the ongoing intensification of competition between Christian churches is primarily driven by the increased activity of Protestant missionaries, which has become evident not only in large cities but also in medium and especially small urban settlements. According to the spatial logic of religious competition, Ethiopian regions are classified into two types: “region-led areas”—where the rise of religious competition begins in rural areas and only later affects towns, and “city-led areas”—where intensification begins in the urban centres. Due to the “lagging” nature of Ethiopia’s urbanisation and the historically strong state support for the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) in towns, most regions fall into the first type. Based on fieldwork conducted in the small towns of Turmi and Dimeka (South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia) in 2024, the article identifies spatial mechanisms underlying the transformation of the religious landscape. This transformation unfolded in three waves of Christian expansion: (1) entry of the EOTC and Catholic Church, (2) early Protestants, and (3) late Protestants. It is argued that interwave competition manifests not only in shifts of adherent’s number proportion but also in the spatial restructuring of the religious landscape—including redistribution of land, competition for symbolic dominance through the construction of worship sites, and the expansion of social missions. Heightened competition among religious organisations in urban areas has provoked better-resourced churches from the first two waves to extend their missionary outreach into rural areas. This process emerges as a key mechanism for the territorial expansion of Christianity in the region and serves as an important factor of urban growth in South Omo, as new converts—often marginalised in their home communities—relocate to towns in search of religious and social support.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конфессиональный ландшафт</kwd><kwd>религиозный ландшафт</kwd><kwd>христианство</kwd><kwd>внутрирелигиозная мозаичность</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd><kwd>Эфиопия</kwd><kwd>Южное Омо</kwd><kwd>конфессиональное пространство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>religious landscape</kwd><kwd>Christianity</kwd><kwd>religious mosaicism</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>Ethiopia</kwd><kwd>South Omo</kwd><kwd>confessional space</kwd><kwd>small cities</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по материалам исследований по темам ГЗ ИАфр РАН № FMZE-2025-0012 и ГЗ ИГ РАН № FMWS-2024-0008. Полевое исследование, анализ собранных материалов проводились в рамках темы ГЗ ИАфр РАН № FMZE-2025-0012, определение динамики внутрирелигиозной конкуренции в городах разного ранга и ее влияния на перестройку конфессионального ландшафта проведено в рамках темы ГЗ ИГ РАН № FMWS-2024-0008.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was conducted as part of the Institute for African Studies RAS State Assignment no. FMZE-2025-0012 and the Institute of Geography RAS State Assignment no. FMWS-2024-0008. Field research, the analysis of the collected materials were carried out under State Assignment no. FMZE-2025-0012. The dynamics of inter-religious competition in cities of different ranks and its impact on the religious landscape were determined within the framework of State Assignment no. 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