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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658697526020049</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-3153</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ГЕОГРАФИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory and Methodology of Geography</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классификация теоретических знаний и положение географии в системе наук</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theoretical Knowledge Classification and Position of Geography in the Sciences System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкашин</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkashin</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akcherk@irnok.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии им. В.Б. Сочавы СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>316–330</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черкашин А.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черкашин А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherkashin A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3153">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3153</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — интеграция географических знаний с обоснованием их положения в классификации и определение их общезначимого смысла средствами герменевтики для поиска новых научных законов и закономерностей, начиная с метатеоретического уровня обобщения. Применение математических методов исследования — процедур расслоения дифференциальной геометрии — позволяет распространить идеи герменевтики на все области знания и предложить математические средства системного анализа и статистической обработки данных и в нашей науке. В этом контексте география трактуется как хорологическая разновидность количественной герменевтики, для которой существуют аналоги качественной (концептуальной, общей) и математической (вывода) интерпретации знаний. Во всех формах герменевтика как метагеография задает правила формирования и развития фундаментальной географии — множества заимствованных теорий, моделей и методов изучения состояния и изменения пространственных систем природы, производства и общества на основе специального знания о состоянии географической среды. Новая классификация научных знаний представлена в виде иерархической структуры — пирамиды знаний, начиная сверху с метанауки-математики и научной герменевтики с включением географии как частного случая в сектора философской, эмпирической и математической герменевтики и, соответственно, во множество специальных системных теорий, основанных на них концептуальных и математических моделей, в координатные пространства связи категорий знаний и достоверных данных полевых и статистических исследований и результатов компьютерных расчетов. Так реализуется весь спектр географических работ, начиная от сбора первичной информации c возможностью ее итоговой герменевтической интерпретации в виде карт знаний об измененном состоянии географической среды, включая географические карты территорий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the research is to integrate scientific knowledge with the justification of its position in classification and the definition of its generally significant meaning and semantic significance by means of hermeneutics. This will help us to discover new scientific laws and patterns by starting from a meta-theoretical level of generalization. The use of mathematical research methods, such as differential geometry, allows us to apply hermeneutic ideas to all fields of knowledge. This offers mathematical tools for systematic analysis and statistical data processing. In this context, geography can be seen as a quantitative form of hermeneutics that has analogues in qualitative (conceptual) and mathematical interpretations of knowledge. In all its forms, hermeneutics acts as a metageographic framework that establishes the rules for the development and formation of scientific geography. It is a set of theories, models, and methods borrowed from other disciplines to study the states and changes in spatial systems, including natural, economic, and social systems. The new classification of scientific knowledge presents a hierarchical structure, or pyramid, starting with meta-science and mathematics at the top, followed by philosophical, empirical, and mathematical hermeneutics. Geography is included as a specific case within these sectors. This includes various special system theories and conceptual and mathematical models, based on reliable data from field studies, statistical analysis, and computer calculations. This is how the entire range of geographical work is carried out, starting with the collection of primary information and its final hermeneutic interpretation in the form of knowledge maps about the current state of the geographical environment, including geographical maps of territories.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система знаний</kwd><kwd>географическая герменевтика</kwd><kwd>географическая среда</kwd><kwd>системные теории</kwd><kwd>математические модели</kwd><kwd>методы классифицирования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>system of sciences</kwd><kwd>geographical hermeneutics</kwd><kwd>geographical environment</kwd><kwd>system theories</kwd><kwd>mathematical models</kwd><kwd>classification methods</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств госу- дарственного задания Института географии им. В.Б. Сочавы СО РАН (№ 126020516555-4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out using funds from the State Task of the Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (№ 126020516555-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арманд Д.Л. Наука о ландшафте. Основы теории и логико-математические методы. М.: Мысль, 1975. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armand D.L. Nauka o landshafte. Osnovy teorii i logikomatematicheskie metody [The Science of Landscape. Fundamentals of Theory and Logical-Mathematical Methods]. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1975. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бунге В. Теоретическая география. 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