sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.7868/S2658697526030097sergeogr-3182Research ArticleПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯNATURAL RESOURCE USE AND GEOECOLOGYРазнообразие растительных сообществ и почв на самозарастающих карьерах в южной тундреDiversity of Plant Communities and Soils in Overgrowing Quarries of the Southern TundraЛихановаИ. А.LikhanovaaI. A.

Сыктывкар

Syktyvkar

likhanova@ib.komisc.ruДеневаС. В.DenevaS. V.

Сыктывкар

Syktyvkar

РудьА. А.RudA. A.

Сыктывкар

Syktyvkar

ПыстинаТ. Н.PystinaT. N.

Сыктывкар

Syktyvkar

likhanova@ib.komisc.ruЖелезноваГ. В.ZheleznovaG. V.

Сыктывкар

Syktyvkar

Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202618082026903578598Copyright © Лиханова И.А., Денева С.В., Рудь А.А., Пыстина Т.Н., Железнова Г.В., 20262026Лиханова И.А., Денева С.В., Рудь А.А., Пыстина Т.Н., Железнова Г.В.Likhanovaa I.A., Deneva S.V., Rud A.A., Pystina T.N., Zheleznova G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3182

Изучено взаимосвязанное и взаимообусловленное развитие растительности и почв в ходе первичных экогенетических сукцессий на карьерах по добыче строительных материалов в условиях южной кустарниковой тундры северо-востока европейской части России (окрестности г. Воркуты). Исследованные карьеры характеризуются разной длительностью самозарастания, разными по гранулометрическому составу (суглинки, пески, пески с гравием) и влажности субстратами. Анализ видового состава, структуры фитоценозов и морфологического строения почв на 61 пробной площади позволил описать ход ксерархных, мезархных и гидрархных типов первичных сукцессий. В течение первых шести десятилетий самозарастания на территории карьеров формирования типичных тундровой растительности и почв, характерных для субарктических регионов, не отмечено. В ксероморфных экотопах под криптогамными и лишайниковыми сообществами описаны псаммоземы гумусовые. В мезоморфных условиях под травяно-моховыми сообществами с ивой формируются пелоземы и псаммоземы. В гидроморфных экотопах под ивняками осоково/хвощево-моховыми зафиксированы торфяно-глееземы. В дренированных условиях в почвах карьеров отмечено обособление органогенных горизонтов (подстилок). В суглинистых почвах слабо выражены признаки оглеения в верхней части профиля, в гравийно-песчаных и песчаных — альфегумусовых процессов. Для переувлажненных почв характерно развитие процессов оторфовывания, потечности гумуса и оглеения. На территории карьеров зафиксированы проявления криогенеза (криогенная сортировка материала, криогенное растрескивание, криотурбации, формировование пятен-медальонов и бугорков). Формирование растительных сообществ способствует стабилизации субстрата карьеров и определяет накопление почвенного органического углерода. Как и в фоновых почвах, запасы Сорг в почвах карьеров возрастают по мере увеличения их влажности. Под малопродуктивными сомкнутыми сообществами ксероморфных экотопов запасы Сорг в почвах в 8 раз меньше, чем в фоновых почвах, соответствующих им по увлажнению. Под быстро формирующимися сомкнутыми сообществами гидроморфных экотопов карьеров показатель в 2 раза меньше фонового.

The interrelated and interdependent development of vegetation and soils during primary ecogenetic successions in quarries used for the extraction of building materials in the southern shrub tundra of northeastern European Russia (near Vorkuta) was investigated. The studied quarries were characterized by a varying duration time of spontaneous overgrowth, different substrate textures (loams, sands, sands with gravel) and moisture content. The analysis of species composition, structure of plant communities, and soil morphology of 61 sample plots allowed us to describe the course of xerarchic, mesarchic, and hydrarchic primary succession types. During the first six decades of spontaneous overgrowth, no formation of typical tundra vegetation or soils characteristic of subarctic regions was observed within the quarries. Humus psammozems were described in xeromorphic ecotopes under cryptogamic and lichen communities. Pelozems and psammozems formed under mesomorphic conditions under herb-moss communities with willow. Soils belonging to the Gleyic order (peat-gley soils) were recorded in hydromorphic ecotopes under sedge/horsetail-moss willow stands. Under drained conditions, distinct organogenic horizons (litters) were observed in quarry soils. Loamy soils showed weak gleying in the upper part of the profile, while gravelly-sandy and sandy soils exhibited alpha-humus processes. Waterlogged soils were characterized by the development of peat formation, humus leakage, and gleying. Cryogenesis (cryogenic sorting of material, cryogenic soil cracking, cryoturbation, and the formation of medallion-shaped spots and tubercles) was recorded in the quarry areas. The formation of plant communities contributed to the stabilization of the quarry substrate and determined the accumulation of soil organic carbon. As in background soils, Corg reserves in quarry soils increased along with the increasing soil moisture content. Under low-productivity closed communities of xeromorphic ecotopes, Corg reserves in soils were eight times lower than in background soils with comparable moisture levels. Under rapidly developing closed communities of hydromorphic quarry ecotopes, the value was half that of the background soil.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.