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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15356/0373-2444-2016-4-43-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Территориальная организация общества</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Territorial Organization of Society</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОСМОПОЛИТИЧНЫЕ ГОРОДА И ВЫЗОВЫ КУЛЬТУРНОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COSMOPOLITAN CITIES AND THE CHALLENGE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вендина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vendina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">o.vendina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вендина О.И., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вендина О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vendina O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/439">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/439</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена актуальной теме современной урбанистики – мультикультурализму города. Автор задается вопросом, каким образом космополитичные города прошлого, где не было ни современных институтов управления, ни развитого гражданского общества, ни достаточных средств поддержания правопорядка, обеспечивали бесконфликтное сосуществование групп, разделяющих разные идентичности. Анализ опыта Кордовы и Константинополя позволяет выделить два ключевых фактора, повлиявших на их политику: 1) практическую необходимость межкультурных контактов, которая “принуждала” к толерантности, и 2) развитие общего рынка Средиземноморья. Автор акцентирует внимание на чувствительности космополитичных городов к изменениям внешнеполитического контекста. Адаптивные в пору сильного государства и растущей экономики, когда богатство, статус и власть мотивируют население к интеграции, они утрачивают эту способность по мере ослабления его геополитического престижа. Космополитизм города обеспечивает его участие в глобальных процессах, но устойчивое развитие зависит от локальных факторов и местного сообщества. В заключение подчеркивается, что в современных условиях, когда практическая “потребность” в мультикультурализме отсутствует, космополитизм ослабляет локальные социальные связи и генерирует не толерантность, а спрос на усиление роли государства и функций контроля. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the actual theme of modern urban science – the multiculturalism of the city. Author asks the question how the cosmopolitan cities of the past, where there were no modern institutions, developed civic society, public administration and services, and police units, could manage without conflict by the coexistence of the groups, characterized by different ethnic and cultural identities. To understand the everyday practice of the multiculturalism at the time, the cases of medievalCordobaand Ottoman’sConstantinoplehave been analyzed. The author resumes that there are two key factors impacting the policy in the chosen cities: 1) the practical necessity of intercultural contacts that is “forced” to tolerance, and 2) the development of the common market of theMediterranean. Sensitivity of the cosmopolitan cities to geopolitical context is pointed out. Integrated under the conditions of a strong state and growing economy, when wealth, status and power motivate peoples to integrate, these cities lose this ability as their geopolitical position weakens. Cosmopolitanism ensures the city’s participation in global processes, but sustainable development depends rather on local factors. To conclude, the author emphasizes that in actual conditions, when the “needs” in multiculturalism as some kind of “compulsion” are missing, cosmopolitanism erodes the local social capital and paradoxically generates not tolerance, but the demand for increase of control. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>космополитичный город</kwd><kwd>культурное разнообразие</kwd><kwd>этнополитические взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>мультикультурализм</kwd><kwd>плюрализм</kwd><kwd>Кордова</kwd><kwd>Константинополь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cosmopolitan city</kwd><kwd>cultural diversity</kwd><kwd>ethno-political interaction</kwd><kwd>multiculturalism</kwd><kwd>pluralism</kwd><kwd>Cordoba</kwd><kwd>Constantinople</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд (проект № 15-18-00064)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алмонд Г.А., Верба С. 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