<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S037324441703001X</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теория и социальные функции географии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory and Social Functions of Geography</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОНЦЕПЦИЯ БЛИЗОСТИ: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ И  ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В  РОССИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CONCEPT OF PROXIMITY: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION IN RUSSIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замятина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamyatina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилясов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilyasov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pelyasov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова,  географический факультет, Москва&#13;
Центр экономики Севера и Арктики Совета по изучению производительных сил, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow&#13;
Center of the Northern and Arctic economies, Council for the Study of Productive Forces, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр экономики Севера и Арктики Совета по изучению производительных сил, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center of the Northern and Arctic economies, Council for the Study of Productive Forces, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Замятина Н.Ю., Пилясов А.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Замятина Н.Ю., Пилясов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zamyatina N.Y., Pilyasov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/562">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/562</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена относительно новой концепции близости, которая родилась на рубеже веков в европейской региональной науке (экономической географии и региональной экономике), но опирается на длительные традиции пространственных исследований (начиная с Й. Тюнена и кончая исследованиями территориальных кластеров и городских агломераций). Близость ориентирована на оценку и анализ потенциала взаимодействия различных объектов с учетом их взаимного расположения и сходства по различным параметрам (социальным, институциональным, организационным и др.). Концепция имеет сходство с понятием экономико-географического положения, однако, ввиду учета в концепции близости значительно большего числа факторов (пространственных, культурной и ценностной общности, положения в социальных сетях и др.), авторы определяют ее как многомерное ЭГП. Если за рубежом концепция близости применяется, главным образом, в рамках географии инноваций, то в России перспективно использовать инструментарий данной концепции для изучения пространственной организации жизни российского общества не только в западной традиции (например, при изучении территориальных кластеров, отраслевых инновационных процессов), но и для анализа специфичных российских явлений (дачных миграций, отходничества и др.). Более того, условия обширных и разреженных российских пространств заставляют пересмотреть и развить концепцию близости за счет диалектической комбинации ее с применяемым в арктических исследованиях понятием удаленности. При этом особое значение в условиях России, по мнению авторов, необходимо уделить временной близости как своеобразной форме компенсации факторов удаленности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the relatively new concept of proximity, which was born at the turn of centuries in the European regional science (economic geography and regional economics), but relies on long traditions of spatial studies (starting with J. Thünen and ending with studies of regional clusters and urban agglomerations). Proximity is orientated on the evaluation and analysis of potential interaction between diﬀerent objects with account of their relative position and similarity in various parameters (social, institutional, organizational, etc.). This concept has similarity with the concept of economic-geographical position; however, due to including in the concept of proximity much larger number of factors (spatial, cultural and axiological community, position in social networks, etc.) the authors deﬁne it as a multidimensional economic-geographical position. Abroad, the concept of proximity is used primarily within the geography of innovation. In Russia, the tools of this concept are promising to use for studying of the spatial organization not only in the Western tradition (for instance, in the study of territorial clusters and sectoral innovation processes), but also for the analysis of speciﬁc Russian phenomena (dacha migration, otkhodnichestvo, etc.). Furthermore, conditions of the vast Russian spaces force to review and develop the concept of proximity with account of dialectical combination with concept of remoteness used in Arctic researches. Particular relevance in the context of Russia, according to the authors, should be given to temporal proximity as a form of compensation of factors of remoteness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>близость</kwd><kwd>экономико-географическое положение</kwd><kwd>пространство</kwd><kwd>агломерационный эффект</kwd><kwd>территориальные кластеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proximity</kwd><kwd>economic-geographical position</kwd><kwd>space</kwd><kwd>agglomeration eﬀect</kwd><kwd>territorial clusters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алаев Э.Б. Социально-экономическая география. Понятийно-терминологический словарь. М.: Мысль. 1983. 350 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alaev E.B. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskaia geografiia. Poniatiino-terminologicheskii slovar’ (Socioeconomic geography: Conceptual and Terminology Dictionary). Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1983, 350 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранский Н.Н. Становление советской экономической географии. Избранные труды. М.: Мысль. 1980. 287 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranskiy N.N. Stanovlenie sovetskoi ekonomicheskoi geografii. Izbrannye Trudy (Forming of Soviet Economic Geography. Selected Works). Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1980. 287 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранский Н.Н. Экономико-географическое положение // География в школе. 1939. № 4. С. 24–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranskiy N.N. Economic-geographical position. Geografiya v shkole, 1939, no. 4, pp. 24–34. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бреши С., Лиссони Ф. Локализованные перетоки знаний и инновационная среда: пересмотр “неявности” знаний // Синергия пространства: региональные инновационные системы, кластеры и перетоки знания / Отв. ред. А. Н. Пилясов. Смоленск: Ойкумена, 2012. С. 161–181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breshi S., Lissoni F. Localized knowledge flows and innovative environment: revision of “tacit” knowledge, in Sinergiia prostranstva: regional’nye innovatsionnye sistemy, klastery i peretoki znaniia (Synergy of Space: Regional Innovation Systems, Clusters and Knowledge Flows), A.N. Piliasov, Ed. Smolensk: Oikumena Publ., 2012, pp. 161–181. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владимирова О.В. Региональные факторы в формировании экономических элит в современной России // Матер. докл. XIV междунар. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых “Ломоносов” / Отв. ред. И. А. Алешковский, П. Н. Костылев (Электронный ресурс). М.: Изд. центр ф-та журналистики Моск. гос. ун-та им. М. В. Ломоносова, 2007. Электрон. опт. диск (CD-ROM).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimirova O.V. Regional factors of economic elites forming in contemporary Russia. Materialy XIV Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii studentov, aspirantov i molodykh uchenykh “Lomonosov” (Proceedings of the XIV Int. Conf. students, postgraduates and young scientists “Lomonosov”, I.A. Aleshkovskii, P.N. Kostylev, Eds. [Electronic resource]. Moscow: MSU, 2007. CD-ROM. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладкий Ю.Н. Сравнительный подход к оценке географического положения африканских стран // Экономическая и социальная география: проблемы и перспективы. Л.: Изд-во ГО СССР, 1984. С. 127–145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladkiy Iu.N. A comparative approach to the assessment of the geographical position of the African countries, in Ekonomicheskaia i sotsial’naia geografiia: problemy i perspektivy (Economic and Social Geography: Problems and Prospectives). Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo geograficheskogo obshchestva SSSR, 1984, pp. 127–145. (In Russ.), 1984, pp. 127–145. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грановеттер М. Экономическое действие и социальная структура: проблема укорененности // Экон. социология. 2002. Т. 3. № 3. C. 44–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. Ekon. Sotsiol., 2002, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 44–58. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзюина Г.М. Разработка организационно-экономической модели взаимодействия инновационных фирм и крупных научных центров. Автореф. дисс. … канд. техн. наук. Барнаул, 2004. 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dziuina G.M. Development of organizational and economic model of interaction between innovative firms and major research centers. Extented Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Techn.) Dissertation. Barnaul, 2004, 24 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитриева Т.Е. Периферийность: содержание, оценка, экономические средства // Проблемы приграничных регионов России: СПб. – М.: ИГ РАН, 2004. С. 43–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dmitrieva T.E. The periphery: content, assessment, economic tools, in Problemy prigranichnykh regionov Rossii (Problems of Cross-Border Russia’s Regions). St.-Petersburg–Moscow, 2004, pp. 43–49. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замятина Н.Ю., Яшунский А.Д. Миграции с Севера: социальные сети и ментальная “близость” // Вне- экономические факторы пространственного раз- вития / Отв. ред. В. Н. Стрелецкий. М.: Эслан, 2015. С. 147–173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamyatina N. Iu., Yashunskiy A.D. Migrations from the North: social networks and mental “proximity”, in Vneekonomicheskie faktory prostranstvennogo razvitiya (Non-Economic Factors of Spatial Development), V.N. Streletskiy, Ed. Moscow: Eslan Publ., 2015, pp. 147–173. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Как развивается алтайский биофармацевтический кластер // Sibnovosti.ru. 28 марта 2014 г. http://barnaul.sibnovosti.ru/business/264556-kakrazvivaetsya-altayskiy-biofarmatsevticheskiy-klaster</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">How is Altai biopharmaceutical cluster developing. Sibnovosti.ru. 28 March, 2014. URL: http://barnaul.sibnovosti.ru/business/264556-kak-razvivaetsya-altayskiy-biofarmatsevticheskiy-klaster</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маергойз И.М. Территориальная структура хозяйства. Новосибирск: Наука, 1986. 302 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maergoiz I.M. Territorial’naya struktura khozyaistva (Territorial Structure of Economy). Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1986, 302 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подвинцев О.Б. Факторы отторжения губернаторов–“варягов” в субъектах РФ // Социокультурные и природно-ресурсные факторы сбалансированности модернизации регионов России: Матер. Х Всерос. науч.-практ. конф. по программе “Социокультурная эволюция России и ее регионов”, 2014. С. 399–402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podvintsev O.B. Factors of rejection of the governors – the “Vikings” in federal subjects, in Sotsiokul’turnye i  prirodno-resursnye faktory sbalansirovannosti modernizatsii regionov Rossii. Materialy Х Vseros. nauchno-prakt. konf. po programme “Sotsiokul’turnaia evoliutsiia Rossii i  ee regionov (Sociocultural and Natural Resource Factors of a Balance of Modernization of Russian Regions). 2014, pp. 399–402. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полани М. Личностное знание: На пути к посткритической философии / Под ред. В. А. Лекторского, В. И. Аршинова. М.: Прогресс, 1985. 343 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polanyi M. Personal Knowledge. Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1958.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Портер М. Международная конкуренция. Конкурентные преимущества стран. М.: Международные отношения, 1993. 898 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter M. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press, 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потоцкая Т.И. Международные ювелирные выставки 2004 г. Смоленск: Маджента, 2005. 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pototskaya T.I. Mezhdunarodnye yuvelirnye vystavki 2004 g. (International Jewelry Exhibitions 2004). Smolensk: Madzhenta Publ., 2005, 160 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сахаров А.Д. Воспоминания / Ред.-сост.: Е. Холмогорова, Ю. Шиханович. Т. 1. М.: Права человека, 1996. 912 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakharov A.D. Vospominaniya T. 1 (Memories. Vol. 1), E. Kholmogorova, Iu. Shikhanovich, Eds. Moscow: Prava Cheloveka Publ., 1996, 912 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Славин С.В. Промышленное и транспортное освоение Севера СССР. М.: Экономиздат, 1961. 302 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Slavin S.V. Promyshlennoe i transportnoe osvoenie Severa SSSR (Industrial and Transport Development of the USSR North). Moscow: Ekonomizdat Publ., 1961, 302 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнягин Л.В. Судьба географического пространства в социальных науках // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2016. № 4. С. 7–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnyagin L.V. The Future of Geographical Space in Social Sciences. Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2016, no. 4, pp. 7–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнягин Л.В. Место вместо местоположения? (О сдвигах в фундаментальных понятиях географии) // Географическое положение и территориальные структуры: памяти И. М. Маергойза / Сост. П. М. Полян, А. И. Трейвиш. М.: Новый хронограф, С. 421–456.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnyagin L.V. Place Instead of Location? (About Shifts in Basic Geographical Notions, in Geograficheskoe polozhenie i  territorial’nye struktury: Pamyati I.M. Maergoiza (Geographical Position and Territorial Structures: In Memory of I.M. Maergoiz), P.M. Polyan, A.I. Treivish, Eds. Moscow: Novyi Khronograf Publ., 2012, pp. 421–456. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Теплова И.Г. Управление взаимодействием хозяйствующих субъектов в интегрированном научно-производственном комплексе (на примере Федерального научно-производственного центра “Алтай”). Автореф. дисс. … канд. экон. наук. Барнаул, 2004. 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teplova I.G. Upravlenie vzaimodeistviem khoziaistvuiushchikh sub”ektov v integrirovannom nauchno-proizvodstvennom komplekse (na  primere Federal’nogo nauchno-proizvodstvennogo tsentra “Altai’). Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Dissertation. Barnaul, 2004, 24 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трейвиш А.И. Геопространство, информация, мобильность и модернизация общества // Региональные исследования. 2015. Т. 48. № 2. С. 37–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treivish A.I. Geospace, information, mobility and modernization of society. Regional’nye issledovaniia, 2015, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 37–48. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трейвиш А.И. Дачеведение как наука о втором доме на Западе и в России // Изв. РАН. Сер. Геогр. 2014. № 4. С. 22–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treivish A.I. Dachevedenie as a science about the second home in the West and in Russia. Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2014, no. 4, pp. 22–32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фридман Т. Плоский мир. Краткая история XXI века. М.: АСТ, 2007. 608 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman Th. The World is Flat. A Brief History of The Twenty-first Century. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чирикова А.Е. Московские назначенцы в губернаторском корпусе: анализ Самарского случая // Полития. 2011. № 4 (63). С. 61–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chirikova A.E. Moscow appointees in the Governor’s case: analysis of the Samara corps. Politiia, 2011, no. 4 (63), pp. 61–73. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ягольницер М.А., Марков Л.С., Теплова И.Г. Кооперационные взаимодействия в кластере и их эффективность (на примере интегрированного научно-производственного комплекса “Алтай”) // Вестн. НГУ. Сер. Соц.-экон. науки. 2008. Т. 8. Вып. 4. С. 68–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iagol’nitser M.A., Markov L.S., Teplova I.G. Cooperative interaction in the cluster and their effectiveness (case of integrated research and production complex Altay). Vestn. NGU. Ser. Sots.-Ekon., 2008, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 68– 76. (In Russ.). Концепция близости: зарубежный опыт и  перспективы применения 21 ИЗВЕСТИЯ РАН. СЕРИЯ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ № 3 2017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Audretsch B. Agglomeration and the location of innovative activity // Oxford review of economic policy. Oxford Univ Press, 1998. P. 18–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Audretsch B. Agglomeration and the Location of Innovative Activity, in Oxford Review of Economic Policy. Oxford Univ Press, 1998, pp. 18–29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basile R., Capello R., and Caragliu A. Interregional Knowledge Spillovers and Economic Growth: The Role of Relational Proximity // Drivers of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Dynamics / K. Kourtit et al. (Eds.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011. P. 21–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basile R., Capello R., Caragliu A. Interregional Knowledge Spillovers and Economic Growth: The Role of Relational Proximity, in Drivers of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Dynamics, K. Kourtit et al., Eds. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 21–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berman M. and Howe L. Remoteness, Transportation Infrastructure, and Urban-Rural Population Movements in the Arctic // Proc. Int. Conf. Urbanisation of the Arctic, Nuuk, Greenland, August 2012. Stockholm: Nordregio, 2012. P. 108–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berman M. and Howe L. Remoteness, Transportation Infrastructure, and Urban-Rural Population Movements in the Arctic, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Urbanisation of the Arctic. Nuuk, Greenland, August 2012, Stockholm: Nordregio, 2012, pp. 108–122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boschma R.A. Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment // Reg. Stud. 2005. № 39. P. 61–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boschma R.A. Proximity and Innovation: a Critical Assessment. Reg. Stud., 2005, no. 39, pp. 61–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boschma R., Balland P.-A., and M. de Vaan. The formation of economic networks: a proximity approach // Regional Development and Proximity Relations / A. Torre and F. Wallet (Eds.). Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar, 2014. P. 243–266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boschma R., Balland P.-A. and M. de Vaan. The formation of economic networks: a proximity approach, in Regional Development and Proximity Relations. A. Torre and F. Wallet, Eds. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar: 2014, pp. 243–266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broekel T. The co-evolution of proximities – A network level study // Reg. Stud. 2015. Vol. 49. № 6. Special Issue: Proximity and Innovation: Empirical Issues. P. 921–935.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broekel T. The Co-evolution of Proximities – A Network Level Study. Reg. Stud., 2015, vol. 49, no. 6, Special Is. Proximity and Innovation: Empirical Issues, pp. 921–935.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capello R. Indivisibilities, Synergy and Proximity: The Need for an Integrated Approach to Agglomeration Economies // Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geographie (TESG). 2009. Vol. 100. № 2. P. 145–159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capello R. Indivisibilities, Synergy and Proximity: The Need for an Integrated Approach to Agglomeration Economies. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geographie (TESG), 2009, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 145–159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldman M. The geography of innovation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. 155 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldman M. The Geography of Innovation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, 155 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fetisov A.S. Distance and intensity of international socio-economic interactions // Book of abstracts of IGU Reg. Conf. Geography, Culture and Society for Our Future Earth, 17–21 August 2015, Moscow, Russia. Vol. 3701 of C12.09. P. 464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fetisov A.S. Distance and intensity of international socio-economic interactions, in Book of abstracts of IGU Reg. Conf. Geography, Culture and Society for Our Future Earth, 17–21 August 2015, Moscow, Russia, vol. 3701 of C12.09, pp. 464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamelin L.-E. Canadian Nordicity: It’s Your North, Too. Montreal: Harvest House, 1979. 392 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamelin L.-E. Canadian Nordicity: It’s Your North, Too. Montreal: Harvest House, 1979, 392 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodgson G.M. Evolution and Institutions. On Evolutionary Economics and the Evolution of Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1999. 345 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodgson G.M. Evolution and Institutions. On Evolutionary Economics and the Evolution of Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1999, 345 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">How did Silicon Valley become Silicon Valley? Three Surprising Lessons for Other Cities and Regions. A report from Endeavor Insight. Endeavor Insight. July 2014. http://endeavor.org.tr/wp-content/ uploads/2016/01/How-SV-became-SV.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">How did Silicon Valley become Silicon Valley? Three Surprising Lessons for Other Cities and Regions. A report from Endeavor Insight. Endeavor Insight. July 2014. URL: http://endeavor.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/How-SV-became-SV.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huskey L. and Morehouse Th.A. Development in remote regions: What do we know? // Arctic. 1992. № 45 (2). P. 128–137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huskey L. and Morehouse Th.A. Development in remote regions: What do we know? Arctic, 1992, no. 45 (2), pp. 128–137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan K. The exaggerated death of geography: learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems // J. Econ. Geogr. 2004. № 4. P. 3–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan K. The exaggerated death of geography: learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems. J. Econ. Geogr., 2004, no. 4, pp. 3–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porter M. Locations, clusters, and company strategy (Сhapter 13) // The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography / G.L. Clark, M.S. Gertler and M.P. Feldman (Eds.). Oxford Univ. Press, 2000. P. 253–274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter M. Locations, clusters, and company strategy (Сhapter 13), in The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, G.L. Clark, M.S. Gertler and M.P. Feldman, Eds. Oxford Univ Press: 2000, pp. 253–274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regional Development and Proximity Relations / A. Torre and F. Wallet (Eds.). Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar, 2014. 376 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regional Development and Proximity Relations, A. Torre and F. Wallet, Eds. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar: 2014, 376 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxenian A.-L. Regional advantage. Culture and Competition on Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard Univ. Press, 1994. 226 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxenian A.-L. Regional advantage. Culture and Competition on Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard Univ. Press, 1994, 226 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxenian A.-L. The new Argonauts. Regional advantage in a global economy. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard Univ. Press. 2006. P. 424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxenian A.-L. The New Argonauts. Regional Advantage in a Global Economy. Harvard Univ. Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2006, 424 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torre A. and Rallet A. Proximity and localization // Reg. Stud. 2005. № 39. P. 47–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torre A. and Rallet A. Proximity and localization. Reg. Stud., 2005, no. 39, pp. 47–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torre A. On the role played by temporary geographical proximity in knowledge transmission // Reg. Stud. 2008. № 42 (6). P. 869–889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torre A. On the role played by temporary geographical proximity in knowledge transmission. Reg. Stud., 2008, no. 42 (6), pp. 869–889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torre A. and Ségolène D. Land use and soils disposal: From competition to territorial governance (examples from land use conflicts in the greater Paris region) // Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 2013. September. P. 1–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torre A. and Ségolène D. Land use and soils disposal: From competition to territorial governance (examples from land use conflicts in the greater Paris region). Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 2013, September, pp. 1–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
