<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1134/S2587556618040088</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-740</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теория и социальные функции географии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory and Social Functions of Geography</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНЫЕ АРКТИЧЕСКИЕ ВТОРЖЕНИЯ И ЭЛЬ-НИНЬО–ЮЖНОЕ КОЛЕБАНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LONG ARCTIC INVASION AND EL-NINO–SOUTHERN OSCILLATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холопцев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholoptsev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононова</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononova</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">NinaKononova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Севастопольское отделение Государственного океанографического института им. Н.Н. Зубова.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol Branch, Zubov State Oceanographic Institute.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН; Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова РАН.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова РАН.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Холопцев А.В., Семенов В.А., Кононова Н.К., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Холопцев А.В., Семенов В.А., Кононова Н.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kholoptsev A.V., Semenov V.A., Kononova N.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/740">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/740</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализируются статистические связи межгодовых изменений суммарной длительности продолжительных арктических вторжений (ПАВ) в Атлантическом и Тихоокеанском секторе Северного полушария с образованием барических гребней между арктическим и субтропическими антициклонами с вариациями климатических индексов процесса Эль-Ниньо–Южное колебание (ЭНЮК). Межгодовые изменения этих индексов в ХХ в. значимо влияли на вариации суммарной длительности рассматриваемых арктических вторжений в Тихоокеанском секторе в феврале. Для большинства индексов это влияние было наиболее сильным при опережении на 2 месяца. Выявленные связи, в целом, не являются стационарными и меняются в зависимости от рассматриваемого периода. Связь индексов ЭНЮК и суммарной длительности арктических вторжений в Атлантическом секторе в ноябре и октябре значима и в ХХI в. при временных сдвигах между этими процессами 0–4 месяца.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The statistical relationships of interannual changes in the total duration of Long Arctic Invasion in Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Northern Hemisphere with the formation of baric ridges between the Arctic and subtropical anticyclones with variations of climate indices of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) process are analyzed. Interannual changes in these indices in the 20th century significantly influenced the variations in the total duration of the considered Arctic invasions in the Pacific sector in February. For most indices, this effect was strongest if their ranks, ahead of the ranks of the processes studied for two months. The revealed relationships, in general, are not stationary and vary depending on the period under review. The relationship of ENSO indices and the total duration of the Arctic invasions in the Atlantic sector in November and October are significant in the 21st century, when the time shifts between these processes were 0–4 months.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>продолжительные арктические вторжения</kwd><kwd>Эль-Ниньо–Южное колебание</kwd><kwd>глобальные климатические индексы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айвазян С.А., Мхитарян В.С. Прикладная статистика и основы эконометрики. М.: ЮНИТИ, 1998. 1022 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aivazian S.A., Mhitarian V.S. Prikladnaya statistika i osnovy ekonometriki [Applied Statistics and Econometrics Fundamentals]. Moscow: YUNITY Publ., 1998. 1022 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воскресенская Е.Н., Полонский А.Б. Северо-Атлантическое колебание и явления Эль-Ниньо // Морской гидрофизический журн. 1992. № 4. С. 23–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voskresenskaya E.N., Polonsky A.B. North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño. Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, 1992, no. 4, pp. 23–30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Груза Г.В., Ранькова Э.Я., Клещенко Л.К., Аристова Л.Н. О связи климатических аномалий на территории России с явлением Эль-Ниньо–Южное колебание // Метеорология и гидрология. 1999. №5. С.32–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gruza G.V. Rankova E.J., Kleschenko L.K., Sokolikhina E.V., Sokolikhina N.N. On the relationship be tween climate anomalies in Russia with El NiñoSouthern Oscillation. Meteorol. Gidrol.,1999, no. 5, pp.32–51. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзердзеевский Б.Л. Циркуляционные механизмы в атмосфере Северного полушария в ХХ столетии: Материалы метеорологических исследований. М.: Изд. ИГ АН СССР и Междувед. Геофиз. комитета при Президиуме АН СССР, 1968. 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzerdzeevskii B.L. The circulation mechanisms in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in the twentieth century. Materialy meteorologicheskikh issledovanii. Moscow: IG AN SSSR, Soviet Geophysical Committee, 1968. 240 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзердзеевский Б.Л., Курганская В.М., Витвицкая З.М. Типизация циркуляционных механизмов в северном полушарии и характеристика синоптических сезонов // Труды научно-исслед. учреждений Гл. упр. гидрометеорол. службы при Совете Министров СССР. Сер. 2. Синоптическая метеорология. Вып. 21. Центральный институт прогнозов. М.–Л.: Гидрометиздат, 1946. 80 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzerdzeevskii B.L., Kurganskaya V.M., Vitvitskaya Z.M. Classification of circulation mechanisms in the Northern Hemisphere and characteristics of synoptic seasons. In Trudy n.-i. Uchrezhdenii Gl. Upr. Gidrometeorol. Sluzhby pri Sovete Ministrov SSSR. Ser. 2. Sinopticheskaya Meteorologiya, Moscow, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1946, no. 21. 80 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Железнова И.В., Гущина Д.Ю. Отклик глобальной циркуляции атмосферы на два типа Эль-Ниньо // Метеорология и гидрология. 2015. № 3. С. 36–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheleznova I.V., Guschina D.J. The response of the global atmospheric circulation in the two types of El Niño. Meteorol. Gidrol., 2015, no. 3, pp. 36–50. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закс Ш. Теория статистических выводов / пер. с англ. яз. Е.В. Чепурина / под ред. Ю.К. Беляева. М.: Мир, 1971. 626 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zacks S. The Theory of Statistical Inference. NewYork: John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc., 1971. 626 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кононова Н.К. Классификация циркуляционных механизмов Северного полушария по Б.Л. Дзердзеевскому / отв. ред. А.Б. Шмакин. М.: ИГ РАН. Воентехиниздат, 2009. 372 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kononova N.K. Klassifikatsiya tsirkulyatsionnykh mekhanizmov Severnogo polushariya po B.L. Dzerdzeevskomu [Classification Circulation Mechanisms of the Northern Hemisphere According to BL Dzerdzeevskii]. Shmakin А.B., Ed. Moscow: IG RAS, Voentehinizdat Publ., 2009. 372 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крамер Г. Математические методы статистики. М.: Мир, 1975. 648 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kramer G. Matematicheskie metody statistiki [Mathematical Methods of Statistics]. Moscow: Mir Publ., 1975. 648 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов И.И., Акперов М.Г., Прокофьева М.А. Блокинги в Северном полушарии и Евро-Атлантическом регионе: оценки изменений по данным реанализа и модельным расчетам // ДАН. 2013. Т.449. № 5. С. 1–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov I.I., AkbarovM.G., Prokofieva M.A. Blockings in the Northern Hemisphere and the Euro-Atlantic region: assessment of changes from reanalysis data and model calculations. Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2013, vol.449, no. 5, pp. 1–5. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов И.И., Смирнов Д.А. Исследование взаимного влияния процессов Эль-Ниньо–Южное колебание и Северо-Атлантического и Арктического колебаний нелинейными методами // Изв. РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2006. Т. 42. № 5. С. 650–667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov I.I., Smirnov D.A. Study of mutual influence processes of theEl Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillations of Nonlinear methods. Dokl. Akad.Nauk, 2006, vol. 42, no. 5, pp.650–667. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов И.И., Тимажев А.В. Климатические аномалии в регионах Евразии: эффекты явлений ЭльНиньо / Ла-Нинья // ДАН. 2013. Т. 453. № 2. С.211–214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov I.I., Timazjev A.V. Climatic anomalies in the regions of Eurasia: the effects of El Niño / La Niña. Dokl. Akad.Nauk, 2013, vol. 453, no. 2, pp. 211–214. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наставление по службе прогнозов. Раздел 3. Ч. III. Служба морских гидрологических прогнозов. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1982. 143 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nastavlenie po sluzhbe prognozov. Razdel 3, chast’. III. Sluzhba morskikh gidrologicheskikh prognozov [Manual on the Service Forecasts. Step 3, part. III. Service Marine Hydrological Forecasts]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1982. 143 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нестеров Е.С. Изменчивость характеристик атмосферы и океана в атлантико-европейском регионе в годы событий Эль-Ниньо и Ла-Нинья // Метеорология и гидрология. 2000. № 8. С. 74–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesterov E.S. The variability of the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean in the Atlantic-European region during the events of El Niño and La Niña. Meteorol. Gidrol., 2000, no. 8, pp. 74–83. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петросянц М.А., Семенов Е.К., Гущина Д.Ю., Соколихина Е.В., Соколихина Н.Н. Циркуляция атмосферы в тропиках: климат и изменчивость. М.: Макс Пресс, 2005. 670 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrosyants M.A., Semenov E.K., Guschina D.U., Sokolikhina E.V., Sokolikhina N.N. Tsirkulyatsiya atmosfery v tropikakh: klimat i izmenchivost [The Circulation of the Atmosphere in the Tropics: the Climate and Variability]. Moscow: Max Press Publ., 2005. 670 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петросянц М.А., Гущина Д.Ю. Крупномасштабное взаимодействие глобальной циркуляции атмосферы с температурой поверхности экваториального Тихого океана // Метеорология и гидрология. 1998. № 12. С. 5–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrosyants M.A., Guschina D.U. The Large-scale interaction of the global circulation of the atmosphere with the surface temperature of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Meteorol. Gidrol., 1998, no. 12, pp. 5–22. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полонский А.Б. Роль океана в изменениях климата. Киев: Наукова думка, 2008. 184 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polonsky A.B. Rol okeana v izmeneniyakh klimata [The Ocean’s Role in Climate Change]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka Publ., 2008, 184 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шакина Н.П., Иванова А.Р. Блокирующие антициклоны: современное состояние исследований и прогнозирование // Метеорология и гидрология. 2010. № 11. С. 5–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakina N.P., Ivanova A.R. Blocking anticyclones: the current state of research and forecasting. Meteorol. Gidrol., 2010, no. 11, pp. 5–18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjerknes J. A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of Ocean temperature // Tellus. 1966. V. 18. № 4. P. 820–829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjerknes J. A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of Ocean temperature. Tellus, 1966, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 820–829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjerknes J. Atmospheric teleconnections from theequatorial Pacific // Mon.Wea. Rev. 1969. V. 97. P.163–172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjerknes J. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1966, vol. 97, pp.163–172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Held I.M.S., Lyons S.W., Nigam S. Transients and the extratropical response to El Nino // J. Atmos. Sci. 1989. V. 46. P. 163–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Held I.M.S., Lyons S.W. and Nigam S. Transients and the extratropical response to El Nino. J. Atmos. Sci., 1989, vol. 46, pp. 163–174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horel. J.D., Wallace J.M. Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation // Mon. Wea. Rev. 1981. V. 109. P. 813–829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horel J.D., Wallace J. M. Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1981, vol. 109, pp. 813–829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lau N.-C. Modeling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response toob served El Ninos in 1962–1976 // Mon. Wea. Rev. 1985. V. 113. P. 1970–1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau N.C. Modeling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response toobserved El-Ninos in 1962-76. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1985, vol. 113, pp. 1970–1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trenberth K.E., Stepaniak D.P. Indices of El Nino evolution // J. Clim., 2001. V. 14. P. 1601–1624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trenberth K.E. and Stepaniak D.P. Indices of El Nino evolution. J. Clim., 2001, vol. 14, pp. 1601–1624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker G.T. Correlation in seasonal variations of weather, VIII. A preliminary study of world weather // Memoirs of the India Meteorological Department. 1923. V. 24. № 4. P. 75–131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker G.T. Correlation in seasonal variations of weather, VIII. A preliminary study of world weather. Memoirs of the India Meteorological Department, 1923, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 75–131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker G.T. Correlation in seasonal variations of weather, IX. A further study of world weather // Memoirs of the India Meteorological Department. 1924. V.24. № 9. P. 275–333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker, G.T. Correlation in seasonal variations of weather, IX. A further study of world weather. Memoirs of the India Meteorological Department, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 275–333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolter K., Timlin M.S. El-Nino / Southern Oscillation behavior since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext) // Intl. J. Climatology. 2011. № 31 (7). P. 1074–1087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolter K., Timlin M.S. El-Nino/Southern Oscillation behavior since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext). Intl. J. Climatology, 2011, no. 31(7), pp. 1074–1087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колебания циркуляции атмосферы Северного полушария в ХХ – начале XXI века. URL. http://www.atmospheric-circulation.ru.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fluctuations of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere in the twentieth century – beginning of the XXI century. Available at: http://www.atmospheric-circulation.ru (accessed 12.05.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NOAA database on the values of global climatic indices. URL. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/data/climateindices/list/forinfo.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NOAA database on the values of global climatic indices. Available at: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/data/climateindices/list/forinfo (accessed 12.05.2018)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
