sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.1134/S2587556618060055sergeogr-787Research ArticleЭволюция природных системEvolution of Natural SystemФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОРОЗОБОЙНЫХ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ У ХВОЙНЫХ ДЕРЕВЬЕВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ПЕРИОДЫ НА ПОЛЯРНОМ УРАЛЕFormation of Frost Damages in Coniferous Trees in Different Climatic Periods on the Polar Ural MountainsГурскаяМ. А.GurskayaM. A.mgurskaya@yandex.ruИнститут экологии растений и животных УрО РАНРоссияInstitute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201819122018067080Copyright © Гурская М.А., 20182018Гурская М.А.Gurskaya M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/787

В горах Полярного Урала изучены частота повторяемости, интенсивность и пространственно-временное распределение морозобойных повреждений у ели и лиственницы, произрастающих в пределах одного склона юго-западной экспозиции на верхней границе распространения деревьев и на дне горной долины, с целью выявить пространственно-временную динамику их формирования в различные климатические периоды за последние 100 лет. На верхней границе леса повреждения формируются чаще у лиственницы по сравнению с елью, а на дне горной долины у лиственницы, напротив, повреждения формируются в два-три раза реже, чем у ели в одни и те же климатические периоды. Высокая частота формирования повреждений в ранней древесине хвойных приурочена к теплым климатическим периодам с ранним началом вегетации и небольшой высотой снега в мае. Выявлены наиболее экстремальные годы, когда повреждается большое количество деревьев, показано отличие от местообитаний, расположенных в Западной Сибири. Существует повышенный риск повреждений хвойных деревьев поздними весенними заморозками в связи с недавними изменениями климата на Полярном Урале.

Frequency of recurrence, intensity and spatio-temporal distribution of frost damage in larch and spruce growing on the same southwest exposed slope at the upper tree-line and at the bottom of the mountain valley in the Polar Ural Mountains were studied with aim to reveal the dynamics of their formation in different climatic periods over the last 100 years. At the upper tree-line damages form more often in larch than in spruce, but at the bottom of the valley, on the contrary, damages form two-three times less frequently in larch than in spruce in the same climatic periods. The high frequency of damage formation in early wood is confined with warm climatic periods with early start of vegetation and low May snow depth. The most extreme years have been identified, when a large number of trees are damaged. The difference in frequency of frost damage formation with West Siberian has shown. Risk of a damage of coniferous trees by late spring frosts due to recent climate changes in the Polar Urals is increased.

морозобойные поврежденияПолярный Ураллиственницаельзаморозкидревесно-кольцевые хронологииfrost damagePolar Uralslarchsprucefrosttree-ring chronologiesАвтор благодарит В.С. Мазепу за ценные советы при написании рукописи. Работа выполнена при частичной поддержке грантов РФФИ № 14-04-91356 и 15-04-04933 и программы УрО РАН № 15-2-4-22.The author is grateful to V.S. Mazepa for valuable advices. This work was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects no. 14-04-91356 and 15-04-04933 and the program of the UrB RAS no. 15-2-4-22.ReferencesБарри Р.Г. Погода и климат в горах. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1984. 312 с.Barri R.G. Pogoda i klimat v gorakh [Mountain Weather and Climate]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1984. 312 p.Ваганов Е.А., Шиятов С.Г., Мазепа В.С. Дендроклиматические исследования в Урало-Сибирской Субарктике // Новосибирск: СО РАН, 1996. 246 с.Vaganov Ye.A., Shiyatov S.G., Mazepa V.S. Dendroklimaticheskie issledovaniya v Uralo-Sibirskoi Subarktike [Dendroclimatic Studiesin the Ural-Siberian Subarctic]. Novosibirsk: SO RAN Publ., 1996. 246 p.Гольцберг И.А. Агроклиматическая характеристика заморозков в СССР и методы борьбы с ними. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1961. 217 с.Gol’tsberg I.A. Agroklimaticheskaya kharakteristika zamorozkov v SSSR i metody bor’by s nimi [Agroclimatic Characteristics of Frosts in the USSR and Methods of Their Control]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1961. 217 p.Гурская М.А., Шиятов С.Г. Распределение морозобойных колец в древесине хвойных деревьев // Экология. 2006. № 1. С. 1–8.Gurskaya M.A., Shiyatov S.G. Distribution of frost rings in coniferous trees. Russ. J. Ecol., 2006, no. 1, pp. 1–8. (In Russ.).Климат России / ред. Н.В. Кобышева. СПб.: Гидрометеоиздат, 2001. 655 с.Klimat Rossii [Climate of Russia]. Kobysheva N.V., Ed. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 2001. 655 p.Медведева М.А., Барталёв С.А., Лупян Е.А. и др. Возможности оценки момента наступления вегетационного сезона на основе спутниковых и метеорологических данных // Современные проблемы дистанционного зондирования земли из космоса. 2008. № 5. С. 313–321.Medvedeva M.A., Bartalev S.A., Lupyan Ye.A. et. al. Opportunities forestimations of vegetation period based on satellite and meteorological data. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa, 2008, no. 5, pp. 313–321. (In Russ.).Раабен М.Е. Стратиграфия древних свит Полярного Урала // Стратиграфия и тектоническое строение северной оконечности Приполярного Урала. М.: ГИН АН СССР, 1959. 131 с.Raaben M.E. Stratigrafiya drevnikh svit Polyarnogo Urala. Stratigrafiya i tektonicheskoe stroenie severnoi okonechnosti Pripolyarnogo Urala [Stratigraphy of the Ancient Formations of the Polar Urals. Stratigraphy and Tectonic Structure of the Northern Extremity of the Subpolar Urals]. Moscow: GIN AN SSSR Publ., 1959. 131 p.Урал и Приуралье: Природные условия и естественные ресурсы СССР // М.: Наука, 1968. 460 с.Ural and Priural’e: Prirodnye usloviya i estestvennye resursy SSSR [The Urals and the Pre-Urals: Natural Conditions and Natural Resources in the USSR]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1968. 460 p.Хантемиров Р.М., Горланова Л.А., Шиятов С.Г. Патологические структуры в годичных кольцах можжевельника сибирского (Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.) и их использование для реконструкции экстремальных климатических событий // Экология. 2000. № 3. С. 185–192.Khantemirov R.M., Gorlanova L.A., Shiyatov S.G. Pathological structures of Juniper (Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.) and their using for climate extreme events reconstructions. Russ. J.Ecol., 2000, no. 3, pp. 185–192. (In Russ.).Хромов С.П. Метеорология и климатология. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1968. 456 с.Khromov S.P. Meteorologiya i klimatologiya [Meteorology and Climatology]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1968. 456 p.Чудновский А.Ф. Заморозки. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1949. 124 с.Chudnovskii A.F. Zamorozki [Frosts]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1949. 124 p.Augspurger C.K. Frost damage and cascading negative effects on Aesculus glabra // Plant Ecology. 2011. № 212. P. 1193–1203.Augspurger C.K. Frost damage and cascading negative effects on Aesculus glabra. Plant Ecol., 2011, no. 212, pp. 1193–1203.Augspurger C.K. Reconstructing patterns of temperature, phenology, and frost damage over 124 years: spring damage risk is increasing // Ecology. 2013. № 94(1). P. 41–50.Augspurger C.K. Reconstructing patterns of temperature, phenology, and frost damage over 124 years: spring damage risk is increasing. Ecology, 2013, no. 94 (1), pp. 41–50.Briffa K., Jones P., Schweingruber F., Osborn T. Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the last 600 years // Nature. 1998. № 393. P. 450–455.Briffa K., Jones P., Schweingruber F., Osborn T. Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the last 600 years. Nature, 1998, no. 393, pp. 450–455.Briffa K.R., Osborn T.J., Schweingruber F.H., Jones Ph.D., Shiyatov S.G., Vaganov E.A. Tree-ring width and density data around the Northern Hemisphere: Part 2. Spatio-temporal variability and associated climate patterns // The Holocene. 2002. № 12(6). P. 759–789.Briffa K.R., Osborn T.J., Schweingruber F.H., Jones Ph.D., Shiyatov S.G., Vaganov E.A. Tree-ring width and density data around the Northern Hemisphere: Part 2, spatio-temporal variability and associated climate patterns. The Holocene, 2002, no. 12(6), pp.759–789.Cannell M.G.R. Analysis of risks of frost damage to forest trees in Britain. In Crop Physiology of Forest Trees / Tigerstedt P.M.A., Tigerstedt M.A., Puttonen P., and Koski V. (Ed). Helsinki: Helsinki Univ. Press, 1985. P. 153–166.Cannell M.G.R. Analysis of risks of frost damage to forest trees in Britain. In Crop Physiology of Forest Trees. Tigerstedt P.M.A., Puttonen P., and Koski V., Eds. Helsinki: Helsinki Univ. Press, 1985, pp. 153–166.Glerum C., Farrar J.L. Frost ring formation in the stem of some coniferous species // Canad. J. Bot. 1966. № 44(7). P. 879–886.Glerum C., Farrar J.L. Frost ring formation in the stem of some coniferous species. Canad. J. Bot., 1966, no. 44 (7), pp. 879–886.Gurskaya M.A. Temperature Conditions of the Formation of Frost Damages in Conifer Trees in the High Latitudes of Western Siberia // Biology Bulletin. 2014. № 41(2). P. 187–196.Gurskaya M.A. Temperature conditions of the formation of frost damages in conifer trees in the high latitudes of Western Siberia. Biol. Bull., 2014, no. 41(2), pp. 187–196.Gurskaya M.A., Shiyatov S.G. Formation of Two Xylem Frost injuries in One Annual Ring in Siberian spruce under Conditions of Western Siberian forest-tundra // Russian J. of Ecology. 2002. № 33(2). P. 73–79.Gurskaya M.A., Shiyatov S.G. Formation of Two Xylem Frost injuries in One Annual Ring in Siberian spruce under Conditions of Western Siberian foresttundra. Russ. J.Ecol., 2002, no. 33(2), pp. 73–79.Gurskaya M., Moiseev P., Wilmking M. Does slope exposure affect frost ring formation in Picea obovata growing at treeline in the Southern Urals? // Silva fennica. 2016. № 3. 1560 p.Gurskaya M., Moiseev P., Wilmking M. Does slope exposure affect frost ring formation in Picea obovata growing at treeline in the Southern Urals? Silva Fennica, 2016, vol. 50, no. 3, id 1560.Filion L., Payette S., Gauthier L., Boutin Y. Light rings in sub-arctic conifers as a dendrochronological tool // Quat. Res. 1986. № 26. P. 272–279.Filion L., Payette S., Gauthier L., Boutin Y. Light rings in sub-arctic conifers as a dendrochronological tool. Quat. Res., 1986, no. 26, pp. 272–279.Hänninen H. Climate warming and the risk of frost damage to boreal forest trees: identification of critical ecophysiological traits // Tree Physiology. 2006. № 26. P. 889–898.Hänninen H. Climate warming and the risk of frost damage to boreal forest trees: identification of critical ecophysiological traits. Tree Physiol., 2006, no. 26, pp. 889–898.Holmes R.L. Computer-assisted quality control in treering dating and measurement // Tree-Ring Bulletin. 1983. № 43. P. 69–78.Holmes R.L. Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement. Tree-Ring Bull., 1983, no. 43, pp. 69–78.Inouye D.W. The ecological and evolutionary significance of frost in the context of climate change // Ecology Letters. 2000. № 3. P. 457–463.Inouye D.W. 2000. The ecological and evolutionary significance of frost in the context of climate change. Ecol. Lett., 2000, no. 3, pp. 457–463.IPCC 2013: Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change / Stocker T.F., Qin D., Plattner G.K., Tignor M., Allen S.K., Boschung J., Nauels A., Xia Yu., Bex V., and Midgley B.M. (Ed). Cambridge, New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013. 1535 p.IPCC 2013: Сlimate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Stocker T.F., Qin D., Plattner G.K., Tignor M., Allen S.K., Boschung J., Nauels A., Xia Yu., Bex V., and Midgley B.M., Eds. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013. 1535 p.IPCC-2012 SREX Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / Field C.B., Barros V., Stocker T.F., Qin D., Dokken D.J., Ebi K.L., Mastrandrea M.D., Mach K.J., Plattner G.-K., Allen S.K., Tignor M., and Midgley M. (Ed). Cambridge, New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. 2012. P. 1–19.IPСС-2012 SREX Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Field C.B., Barros V., Stocker T.F., Qin D., Dokken D.J., Ebi K.L., Mastrandrea M.D., Mach K.J., Plattner G.-K., Allen S.K., Tignor M., and Midgley M., Eds. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012, pp. 1–19.LaMarch V.C., Hirschboeck K.K. Frost rings in trees as records of major volcanic eruptions // Nature. 1984 307. P. 121–126.LaMarch V.C., Hirschboeck K.K. Frost rings in trees as records of major volcanic eruptions. Nature, 1984, no. 307, pp. 121–126.Marchand N., Filion L. False rings in the white pine (Pinus strobus) of the Outaouais Hills, Québec (Canada), as indicators of water stress // Can. J. For. Res. 2012. № 42. P. 12–22.Marchand N., Filion L. False rings in the white pine (Pinus strobus) of the Outaouais Hills, Québec (Canada), as indicators of water stress. Canad. J. For. Res., 2012, no. 42, pp. 12–22.Rinn F. TSAP Time Series Analysis and Presentation. Ver. 3.0. Reference Manual. Heidelberg, 1996. 262 p.Rinn F. TSAP Time Series Analysis and Presentation. Version 3.0. Reference Manual. Heidelberg, 1996. 262 p.URL. www.meteo.ru.Available at: www.meteo.ru (accessed 13.09.2018).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.