<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sergeogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5566</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587-556620195131-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sergeogr-957</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Хроника</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Chronicle</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты экспедиции на Северный полюс на ледоколе “50 лет Победы”</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of the Expedition to the North Pole on the Icebreaker “50 Let Pobedy”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матишов</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matishov</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клещенков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleshchenkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">geo@ssc-ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллова</surname><given-names>Е. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук; Мурманский морской биологический институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матишов Г.Г., Клещенков А.В., Кириллова Е.Э., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г., Клещенков А.В., Кириллова Е.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Kleshchenkov A.V., Kirillova E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/957">https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/957</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приводятся результаты экспедиционных исследований, выполненных с борта атомного ледокола “50 лет Победы” в  Баренцевом море и  Северном Ледовитом океане. Во второй половине августа 2017 г. проведены наблюдения за разводьями, торосами, снежницами, айсбергами, толщиной и сплоченностью льда. Показано зональное распределение дрейфующих льдов, температуры воздуха, температуры и солености морской воды. На основе анализа этих данных представлены общие выводы по изменчивости толщины и сплоченности льда, относительному возрасту и соотношению акватории со льдом и чистой воды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of the expeditionary investigations carried out from the “50 Let Pobedy” nuclear icebreaker to research the present physiographic conditions of the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean and estimations of the main features that may reflect the global climatic variability of the seas and oceans of the Arctic. The observations of the ice lanes, hummocks, puddles, icebergs, the thickness and closeness of ice allowed us to make a real picture of the ice cover in the second half of August 2017. The zonal distribution of drifting ice, air temperature, temperature and salinity of seawater is shown. The results of observations and conclusions presented in the article reflect the simultaneous situation of the most western part of the Central Arctic adjacent to the Norwegian-Greenland basin. The analysis of new data of the structure and distribution of sea ice and icebergs gives a reason to present a number of general conclusions about the variability of ice thickness and closeness, relative age, the ratio of the area covered with ice and pure water. Recommendations about the development of new satellite systems for a reliable assessment of the seasonal and inter-annual dynamics of the area and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>айсберги</kwd><kwd>атомный ледокол</kwd><kwd>климат</kwd><kwd>Cеверный полюс</kwd><kwd>сплоченность льда</kwd><kwd>цикличность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>climate</kwd><kwd>cyclicity</kwd><kwd>icebergs</kwd><kwd>ice cohesion</kwd><kwd>North Pole</kwd><kwd>nuclear-powered icebreaker</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бузин И.В., Миронов Е.У., Сухих Н.А., Павлов В.А., Корнишин К.А., Ефимов Я.О. Исследования дрейфа ледяных образований на шельфе Российской Арктики с помощью автоматических радиомаяков спутниковой системы ARGOS // Научно-технический вестник ОАО “НК Роснефть”. 2016. № 4 (45). С. 4–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buzin I.V., Mironov E.Yu., Sukhikh N.A., Pavlov V.A., Kornishin K.A., Efimov Ya.O. Investigation of drift of the ice features on the Russian Arctic Offshore with the help of automatic radio beacons based on the ARGOS satellite system. Nauchn.-tekhn. Vestn. ОАО 'NK "Rosneft'", 2016, no. 4, pp.  4–9.  (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазовский А.Ф., Мачерет Ю.Я. Радиолокационные измерения толщины ледников Арктики // Мир измерений. 2014. № 7. С. 10–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glazovsky A.F., Macheret Yu.Ya. Radar measurements of the thickness of Arctic glaciers. Mir Izmerenii, 2014, no. 7, pp. 10–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гудкович З.М., Карклин В.П., Фролов И.Е. Внутривековые изменения климата, площади ледяного покрова Евразийских арктических морей и их возможные причины // Метеорология и гидрология. 2005. № 6. С. 5–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gudkovich Z.M., Karklin V.P., Frolov I.E. Intracentury climate changes, ice cover areas of the Eurasian Arctic seas and their possible causes. Meteorol. Gidrol., 2005, no. 6, pp. 5–14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.Ф. Морские льды в климатической системе. СПб.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1996. 214 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.F. Morskie l'dy v klimaticheskoi sisteme [Sea Ice in the Climate System]. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1996. 214 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.Ф., Малинин В.Н. Морские льды и климат. СПб.: Гидрометоиздат, 2000. 92 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.F., Malinin V.N. Morskie l'dy i klimat [Sea Ice and Climate]. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 2000. 92 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубакин К.Г., Иванов Н.Е. Дрейф айсбергов и ледяных полей в северо-восточной части Баренцева моря // Метеорология и гидрология. 2014. № 10. С. 685–696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubakin K.G., Ivanov N.E. Drift of icebergs and ice fields in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea. Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2014, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 685–696. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубов Н.Н. Льды Арктики. М.: Изд-во Главсевморпути, 1945. 360 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubov N.N. L'dy Arktiki [Ice Cover of the Arctic]. Moscow: Glavsevmorputi Publ., 1945. 360 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимов И.В. Вековые колебания ледовитости Северной части Атлантического океана // тр. Инта океанологии АН СССР. 1954. т. 8. С. 3–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimov I.V. Secular variations in ice formation in northern parts of the North Atlantic. Tr. Inst. Okeanol. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1954, vol. 8, pp. 3–9. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г. Влияние изменчивости климатического и ледового режимов на судоходство в арктических и южных морях // Вестн. РАН. 2008. т. 77. № 10. С. 896–902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G. Effect of changeability of climatic and ice conditions on shipping. Vestn. Ross. Akad. Nauk., 2008, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 896–902. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г. Мировой океан и оледенение земли // М.: Изд-во “Мысль”, 1987. 270 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov  G.G. Mirovoi okean i oledenenie Zemli  [Oceans and Glaciation of the Earth]. Moscow: Mysl' Publ., 1987. 270 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г. Роль материкового льда в развитии желобов гляциальных шельфов Арктики и субарктики // Геоморфология. 1982. № 2. С. 20–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G. The role of the continental ice in the development of the gutters of the glacial shelf of the Arctic and subarctic. Geomorfologiya, 1982, no. 2, pp. 20–30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г., Денисов В.А., Дженюк С.Л. Дели митация больших морских экосистем Арктики как задача комплексного географического районирования океанов // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2006. № 3. С. 5–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Denisov V.A., Dzhenyuk S.L. Delimitation of large marine ecosystems in the Arctic as a problem of integrated geographical zoning of the oceans. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2006, no. 3, pp. 5–18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г., Дженюк С.Л., Моисеев Д.В., Жич кин А.П. О природе крупных гидрометеорологических аномалий в арктических и южных морях России // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2014. № 1. С. 36–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Dzhenyuk S.L., Moiseev D.V., Zhichkin A.P. On the nature of large hydrometeorological anomalies in the West Arctic and southern seas of Russia. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2014, no. 1, pp. 36–46. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г., Жичкин А.П. Современные тенденции изменения ледовитости в районе архипелага земля Франца-Иосифа // ДАН. 2017. т. 472. № 6. С. 248–251. DOI: 10.7868/S0869565217060226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Zhichkin A.P. Current trends of ice coverage changes in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago area. Dokl. Earth Sci., 2017, vol. 472, no. 2, pp. 248–251. DOI 10.1134/S1028334X17020283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г., Зуев А.Н., Голубев В.А., Левитус С., Смоляр И. Мегабаза данных по океанографии и биологии морей западной Арктики // ДАН. 2005. т. 401. № 2. С. 343–346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Zuev A.N., Golubev V.A., Levitus S., Smolyar I. Mega database on oceanography and biology of the Western Arctic region. Dokl. Earth Sci., 2005, vol. 401, no. 2, pp. 343–346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матишов Г.Г., Макаревич П.Р., Моисеев Д.В. Климат и большие морские экосистемы Арктики. Ростов н/Д: Южный научный центр РАН, 2016. 96 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Makarevich P.R., Moiseev D.V. Klimat i  bol'shie morskie ekosistemy Arktiki [Climate and Large Marine Ecosystems of the Arctic]. Rostov-onDon: Yuzhn. Nauchn. Tsentr Akad. Nauk, 2016. 96 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морской лед / под ред. И.Е. Фролова, В.П. Гаврило. СПб.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1997. 402 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morskoi led [Sea Ice]. Frolov I.E., Gavrilo V.P., Eds. St.  Petersburg: Gidrometizdat Publ., 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Номенклатура по морскому льду. ВМО/тД. 1989–2010. № 259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов В.Н. Особенности динамики и механики деформирования льда Арктического бассейна // Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики. 2007. № 1 (75). С. 73–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sea Ice Nomenclature. WMO, 1989–2010, no. 259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тисленко Д.И., Иванов Б.В., Смоляницкий В.М., Священников П.Н., Исаксен К., Гьет лен Х. Сезонные и многолетние изменения ледовитости в районе архипелага Шпицберген за период 1979–2015 гг. // Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики. 2016. № 3 (109). С. 50–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov V.N. Features of the dynamics and mechanics of deformation of the ice of the Arctic basin. Probl. Arktiki i Antarktiki, 2007, vol. 1, no. 75, pp. 73–84. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов И.Е., Гудкович З.М., Карклин В.П., Смоляницкий В.М. Региональные особенности климатических изменений морского ледяного покрова в ХХ – начале ХХI века и их причины // Лёд и Снег. 2011. № 3 (115). С. 91–98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tislenko D.I., Ivanov B.V., Smolyanitsky V.M., Svyashchennikov P.N., Isaksen K., Herdis M. Seasonal and long-term changes of sea ice extent in the svalbard archipelago area during 1979–2015. Probl. Arktiki i  Antarktiki, 2016, vol. 3, no. 109, pp. 50–59.  (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levitus S., Seidov D., Smolar I., Matishov G. Barents Sea Multidecadal Variability // Geophys. Res. Let., American Geophys. Union. 2009. V. 19. P. 36. DOI: 10.1029/2009GL039847</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov I.E., Gudkovich Z.M., Karklin V.P., Smolyanitsky V.M. Regional features of climatic changes in sea ice cover in the XX – early XXI century and their causes. Sneg i  Led, 2011, no. 3 (115), pp. 91–98.  (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Denisov V.V., Dzhenyuk S.L. Contemporary state and factors of stability of the Barents Sea Large Marine Ecosystem // Large Marine Ecosystem of World: Trends in Exploration, Protection, and Research. Elsevier. 2003. P. 41–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levitus S., Seidov D., Smolar I., Matishov G. Barents Sea multidecadal variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, vol. 36, no. 19. doi 10.1029/2009GL039847</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Dzhenyuk S.L., Moiseev D.V., Zhiсhkin A.P. Trends in hydrological and ice conditions in the large marine ecosystems of the Russian Arctic during periods of climate change // Env. Dev. 2016. V. 17. Suppl. 1. Р. 33–45. DOI: 10.1016/j. envdev.2015.10.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Denisov V.V., Dzhenyuk S.L. Contemporary state and factors of stability of the Barents Sea Large Marine Ecosystem. In Large Marine Ecosystem of World: Trends in Exploration, Protection, and Research. Elsevier, 2003, pp. 41–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Matishov D.G., Moiseev D.V. Inflow of Atlantic-origin waters to the Barents Sea along Glacial Troughs // Oceanology. 2009. V. 51. № 3. P. 321–340. DOI: 10.5697/oc.51-3.321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Dzhenyuk S.L., Moiseev D.V., Zhiсhkin A.P. Trends in hydrological and ice conditions in the large marine ecosystems of the russian arctic during periods of climate change. Environ. Dev., 2016, vol. 17, suppl. 1, pp. 33–45. DOI 10.1016/j.envdev.2015.10.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G., Moiseev D., Lyubina O., Zhichkin A., Dzhenyuk S., Karamushko O., Frolova E. Climate and cyclic hydrobiological changes of the Barents Sea from the twentieth to twenty-first centuries // Polar Biology. 2012. V. 35. P. 1773–1790. Published online: 02 September 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1237-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Matishov D.G., Moiseev D.V. Inflow of Atlantic-origin waters to the Barents Sea along Glacial Troughs. Oceanologia, 2009, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 321–340. DOI 10.5697/oc.51-3.321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G., Moiseev D., Lyubina O., Zhichkin A., Dzhenyuk S., Karamushko O., Frolova E. Climate and cyclic hydrobiological changes of the Barents Sea from the twentieth to twenty-first centuries. Polar Biol., 2012, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1773–1790. DOI 10.1007/s00300-012-1237-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G., Moiseev D., Lyubina O., Zhichkin A., Dzhenyuk S., Karamushko O., Frolova E. Climate and cyclic hydrobiological changes of the Barents Sea from the twentieth to twenty-first centuries. Polar Biol., 2012, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1773–1790. DOI 10.1007/s00300-012-1237-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
